India is home to a diverse range of wetlands, many of which are designated as Ramsar Sites under the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. These sites are of international importance, especially for waterfowl habitat. Additionally, India boasts numerous lakes that are significant for their ecological, cultural, and economic value. This article provides a detailed overview of Ramsar Sites and prominent lakes in India, crucial for aspirants preparing for AFCAT 2 2024.
AFCAT 2 2024 Exam Static GK Ramsar & Lakes In India
Ramsar Sites in India
As of 2024, India has 75 Ramsar Sites, covering a total area of 1,326,677 hectares. These sites are distributed across various states and union territories, each playing a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and supporting local livelihoods. Below are some key Ramsar Sites:
- Chilika Lake (Odisha)
- Area: 116,500 hectares
- Significance: Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, known for its rich biodiversity and as a wintering ground for migratory birds.
- Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan)
- Area: 2,873 hectares
- Significance: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, famous for its avifaunal diversity.
- Wular Lake (Jammu and Kashmir)
- Area: 18,900 hectares
- Significance: One of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia, crucial for flood control and fishery resources.
- Loktak Lake (Manipur)
- Area: 26,600 hectares
- Significance: Known for its phumdis (floating islands) and the Keibul Lamjao National Park, the only floating national park in the world.
- Sundarbans Wetland (West Bengal)
- Area: 423,000 hectares
- Significance: The largest tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world, home to the Bengal tiger.
Major Lakes in India
India’s lakes vary in type, including freshwater, brackish, and saline lakes, each with unique ecological and cultural importance. Here are some of the most notable lakes:
- Dal Lake (Jammu and Kashmir)
- Significance: Known for its houseboats and shikaras, it is an integral part of Kashmir’s tourism and culture.
- Vembanad Lake (Kerala)
- Significance: The longest lake in India and the largest in Kerala, vital for the backwater tourism industry.
- Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan)
- Significance: India’s largest inland saltwater lake, known for salt production and bird watching.
- Pulicat Lake (Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu)
- Significance: The second largest brackish water lake in India, important for its biodiversity and as a habitat for flamingos.
- Naini Lake (Uttarakhand)
- Significance: A natural freshwater lake, central to the town of Nainital, and a popular tourist destination.
Importance of Wetlands and Lakes
Wetlands and lakes are vital for maintaining ecological balance. They provide numerous ecosystem services, such as:
- Biodiversity Support: Habitats for various species, especially migratory birds and aquatic life.
- Water Purification: Natural filtration systems that improve water quality.
- Flood Control: Natural buffers that absorb excess rainfall and mitigate flooding.
- Climate Regulation: Carbon sequestration and microclimate stabilization.
- Livelihoods: Support for fishing, agriculture, and tourism industries.
Conservation Efforts
The Indian government, along with various non-governmental organizations, has implemented several initiatives to protect and manage these critical ecosystems. Key efforts include:
- Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017: Guidelines for the conservation and sustainable management of wetlands.
- National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCA): A program for the holistic conservation and restoration of lakes and wetlands.
- Community Participation: Involving local communities in conservation efforts to ensure sustainable use and management of resources.
Conclusion
Understanding the significance of Ramsar Sites and major lakes in India is essential for AFCAT aspirants, as questions related to environmental conservation and geography are frequently asked in the exam. These wetlands and lakes not only contribute to biodiversity and ecological balance but also play a pivotal role in supporting the livelihoods of millions. Conservation and sustainable management of these natural resources are imperative for maintaining the health of our environment and ensuring the well-being of future generations.
