In Current Affairs for October 2025, we will see the latest national and international current affairs news. These important current affairs will be beneficial for your upcoming NDA, CDS, CDS OTA, AFCAT, TA, Agniveer Army, Agniveer Navy, Agniveer Air Force, Women Military Police, INET, MNS, ACC exams, SCO, PCSL, CAPF, and SSB interviews, and direct entries for Army, Navy, and Air Force like SSC Tech, TGC, JAG, NCC, TES, 10+2 Cadet. Download a PDF file about current events at the end of this article. Let us now see the Current Affairs.
Monthly Current Affairs October 2025
Mukhi Becomes First India-Born Adult Cheetah at Kuno
- Mukhi, a female cheetah born in India, becomes the first India-born cub to reach adulthood.
- Born to Namibian cheetah Jwala at Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Mukhi’s survival is being hailed as a significant breakthrough amid concerns over high cub mortality and challenges in habitat adaptation.
Praveer Ranjan Takes Charge as CISF DG
- In a major leadership reshuffle among India’s CAPFs two senior IPS officers of the 1993 batch have taken charge of key paramilitary organisations. Praveer Ranjan has been appointed as the DG of the CISF, while Praveen Kumar has been appointed as the Director General of the ITBP.
- Both officers assumed office on September 30, 2025, following the superannuation of their predecessors.
- The CISF plays a critical role in securing vital national assets, including:
- Airports, ports, and metro systems.
- Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
- Nuclear plants and other high-security installations.
International Day of Older Persons 2025
- Every year on 1st October, the world observes the International Day of Older Persons, as designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 1990 (resolution 45/106).
- The day aims to highlight the importance of older persons in society and the need to protect their rights, dignity, and well-being.
- In 2025, the theme is “Older Persons Driving Local and Global Action: Our Aspirations, Our Well-Being and Our Rights”.
- The number of people aged 65 years and above tripled from 260 million in 1980 to 761 million in 2021.
- By 2050, older persons will make up around 17% of the world’s population.
- The majority of this growth is expected in developing countries, where social protection systems remain weak.
India Elected to UNHRC for 2026–28
- India has been elected unopposed to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for a three-year term from 2026 to 2028. This marks India’s seventh term on the Council, highlighting the country’s consistent presence and influence in global human rights forums.
- The election was held at the UN General Assembly, where India’s candidacy received overwhelming support from member nations. As there were no competing candidates from the Asia-Pacific group, India was elected unopposed.
- The UNHRC is the premier intergovernmental body within the United Nations system responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide.
- Key features of the Council include,
- 47 member states, elected by the UN General Assembly
- Each term lasts three years, and countries cannot serve more than two consecutive terms
- Established in 2006, replacing the former UN Commission on Human Rights
- Functions include reviewing the human rights records of UN member states through the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process, addressing violations, and making recommendations
- India was first elected to the Council in 2006, the year of its creation.
Anant Goenka Named FICCI President-Elect for 2025–26
- The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has appointed Anant Goenka, Vice Chairperson of the RPG Group, as its President-Elect for 2025–26.
- Anant Goenka currently serves as Senior Vice President at FICCI and holds the position of Vice Chairperson at RPG Group, a diversified Indian industrial conglomerate with interests in sectors like infrastructure, tyres (CEAT), IT, and healthcare.
- Founded in 1927, FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) is one of India’s most prominent business associations.
- It plays a vital role in,
- Representing Indian industries in policy discussions
- Engaging with the government on economic reforms
- Promoting international trade partnerships
- Organizing high-profile forums like FICCI Frames, FICCI Flo, and India Innovation Summit
Messi Becomes Top Assist Maker in International Football
- Lionel Messi etched another chapter in football history by becoming the all-time leader in international assists.
- In Argentina’s 6‑0 rout of Puerto Rico, the 38-year-old icon provided two assists, taking his total to 60—surpassing both Neymar and Landon Donovan on the all-time list.
- Interestingly, Messi’s first-ever assist for Argentina came in 2006, also in a 6‑0 win, against Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup.
- Nineteen years later, in an identical scoreline, he broke the record—illustrating the poetic symmetry in his career.
Ahmedabad Recommended to Host CWG
- Commonwealth Games back to India after two decades, the Commonwealth Sport Executive Board has officially recommended Ahmedabad as the proposed host for the 2030 Commonwealth Games (CWG).
- The final decision will be made on November 26, 2025, during the Commonwealth Sport General Assembly in Glasgow.
- India last hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010, in New Delhi. With this latest development, India is positioned to welcome back the prestigious international sporting event during its Centenary edition in 2030.
- What’s Next?
- November 26, 2025: The final vote by the full Commonwealth Sport membership will be conducted in Glasgow
- If approved, Ahmedabad will become the second Indian city to host the CWG
- Preparations will then begin to ready the city for the 2030 Centenary Games, likely bringing major infrastructure, economic, and cultural benefits
World Anaesthesia Day 2025
- World Anaesthesia Day, observed annually on October 16, commemorates a pivotal moment in medical history—the first successful public use of ether anaesthesia in 1846. It transformed surgery from a painful ordeal into a precise, pain-free science.
- In 2025, the global theme focuses on “Anaesthesiology in Health Emergencies,” highlighting the critical role of anaesthesia teams in crisis situations.
World Food Day 2025
- World Food Day 2025, observed annually on 16th October, reminds the global community of a powerful truth—food is not just sustenance; it is life.
- The day promotes awareness around food insecurity, celebrates those who produce and deliver food, and inspires global cooperation toward achieving Zero Hunger.
- The 2025 theme, “Sustainable Food Systems for a Healthy Planet,” highlights the urgency of transitioning to eco-friendly and inclusive food systems that nourish people and protect the environment.
- The FAO accepted the proposal and designated 16th October—the day it was founded in 1945—as World Food Day.
“Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses”
- In a major push towards agricultural self-reliance, the Union Cabinet on October 1, 2025, approved a six-year programme titled the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses.
- panning from 2025-26 to 2030-31, the initiative comes with a significant financial outlay of ₹11,440 crore, aiming to boost domestic pulses production to 350 lakh tonnes, reduce import dependency, and secure income for nearly 2 crore farmers.
- Despite being the world’s largest producer and consumer of pulses, India still relies on imports to meet about 15–20% of its demand.
- Mission Objectives and Targets
- Expand area under pulses to 310 lakh hectares
- Increase yield to 1,130 kg/ha
- Achieve production of 350 lakh tonnes
- Reach around 2 crore farmers through targeted interventions
- India is the largest producer, consumer, and importer of pulses in the world.
- Major pulse crops: Tur (Arhar), Urad (Black Gram), Masoor (Lentil), Moong (Green Gram), Chana (Gram).
- ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) was established in 1929, headquartered in New Delhi.
- NAFED (National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation) was founded in 1958.
- CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices) recommends MSPs for 22 crops including pulses.
- Authorities at the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh are turning to technology to address the growing challenge of human-elephant conflict.
- Developed in collaboration with the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department, the Wildlife Conservation Trust, and Kalpvag Company, the app is expected to transform elephant conservation and protection measures in the region.
- The Gaj Rakshak App provides real-time location data on elephants, including their movement and behaviour.
- It sends timely alerts via SMS, push notifications, voice calls, and sirens if elephants approach villages, helping prevent human-elephant conflict.
- Equipped with offline functionality, the app ensures connectivity even in remote areas.
- Elephant monitors can upload photos, update locations, and specify whether elephants are roaming solo or in herds.
- Information is instantly shared with app users within a 10 km radius of the elephant’s location.
100 Years of RSS
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a special commemorative postage stamp and coin to mark the centenary celebrations of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). The event honoured the 100-year journey of the organisation, founded in 1925 in Nagpur by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar.
- Founded: 1925, Nagpur, by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar.
- Nature: Volunteer-based organisation focusing on discipline, cultural awareness, and national service.
- Vision: Rooted in Dharma, with an aim of achieving Sarvangeena Unnati (all-round development) of India.
- Contributions of RSS
- Education: Setting up schools and cultural centres.
- Health & Welfare: Running social service and medical initiatives.
- Disaster Relief: Providing rehabilitation during floods, earthquakes, and cyclones.
- Youth, Women, and Farmers: Empowerment programmes and grassroots mobilisation.
- Community Strengthening: Promoting local participation and national unity.
International Day of Non-Violence
- International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2 October to mark the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi who had played an important role in India’s Independence.
- On 15 June 2007, the General Assembly adopted a resolution establishing the International Day of Non-Violence to spread the message of non-violence including education and public awareness.
German Unity Day
- German Unity Day is celebrated on 3 October every year to mark the anniversary of the nation’s unification. On 3 October 1990, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Democratic Republic of Germany were united as one single federal Germany.
UPSC Turns 100
- On October 1, 2025, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) completed 100 years, marking a century of upholding merit-based recruitment and strengthening the backbone of India’s governance.
- From its colonial origins to its modern digital evolution, the UPSC has grown into a symbol of trust, transparency, and integrity, administering some of the world’s most challenging and prestigious examinations.
- The idea of an independent civil service body dates back to the Government of India Act, 1919, which proposed a neutral commission for recruiting top civil servants.
- Following the Lee Commission’s recommendations in 1924, the Public Service Commission was formally established in October 1926 under Sir Ross Barker.
- Originally limited in authority and functioning under colonial scrutiny, it was reconstituted as the Federal Public Service Commission in 1935, under the Government of India Act, 1935.
- Post-Independence, the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 gave rise to the UPSC, in its current form, with constitutional status under Articles 315 to 323.
- Over the decades, its mandate expanded beyond civil services to include examinations for engineering, forest, medical, and statistical services, ensuring administrative competency across India’s governance architecture.
India’s First Dugong Conservation Reserve Gets IUCN Recognition
- The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) officially recognized India’s first Dugong Conservation Reserve, located in Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu, during the 2025 IUCN World Conservation Congress.
- This recognition marks a crucial step in safeguarding one of India’s most endangered marine mammals — the dugong.
- Established in September 2022 by the Tamil Nadu government under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, the Dugong Conservation Reserve spans an area of 448.34 sq. km. in the northern Palk Bay.
- Habitat Range in India
- Dugongs are typically found in warm, shallow, and calm coastal waters with rich seagrass beds. In India, they inhabit,
- Palk Bay
- Gulf of Mannar
- Gulf of Kutch
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
World Animal Welfare Day
- World Animal Welfare Day is celebrated on 4 October to raise awareness among people about taking actions worldwide for the rights of animals as well as their welfare. It is necessary to improve welfare standards worldwide.
Cyclone Shakti
- Cyclone Shakti, formed in October 2025 over the Arabian Sea, marks a growing trend of strong tropical storms on India’s west coast. While it may not make landfall, its development has triggered alerts across Maharashtra and Gujarat.
- Understanding this cyclone provides valuable insight into how climate change is reshaping weather systems in the Arabian Sea, with major implications for disaster preparedness and environmental planning.
- The formation of Cyclone Shakti followed the typical process of tropical cyclogenesis.
- It developed over the east-central Arabian Sea, where sea surface temperatures exceeded 27°C, providing the necessary heat energy.
- The name Shakti, meaning “power” or “energy”, was proposed by Sri Lanka under the naming protocol of the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones.
- The India Meteorological Department (IMD) categorizes cyclones based on wind speeds.
- Cyclone Shakti falls under the “Severe Cyclonic Storm” category with sustained winds of 89–117 km/h.
Mirabai Chanu Wins Silver at 2025 World Championships
- Mirabai Chanu made a resounding return to form by securing the silver medal in the women’s 48 kg category at the 2025 World Weightlifting Championships in Førde, Norway.
- Her performance not only added another international medal to her tally but also rewrote the Indian national records in two key categories.
- Gold: Ri Song-gum (North Korea) – 213 kg (World Record)
- Silver: Mirabai Chanu (India) – 199 kg (National Record)
- Bronze: Thanyathon Sukcharoen (Thailand) – 198 kg
World Cerebral Palsy Day
- World Cerebral Palsy Day, observed on 6th October, raises global awareness and advocates for the rights of people with cerebral palsy. Established in 2012, it promotes inclusion, accessibility, and equal opportunities for those affected by the condition.
(First Monday of October): World Habitat Day
- World Habitat Day is observed on the first Monday of October month throughout the world. It was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1985 and in 1986, the first time it was celebrated across the globe.
Celebration of 150th Anniversary of Vande Mataram
- The Union Cabinet has approved a nationwide celebration to commemorate 150 years of the national song “Vande Mataram”. This decision highlights the song’s profound significance in India’s independence movement and its enduring status in India’s cultural heritage.
- “Vande Mataram” was composed in Sanskrit by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and was first published in his novel Anandamath in 1882.
- The first prominent public rendition occurred during the 1896 Indian National Congress session, when Rabindranath Tagore rendered it, bringing the song into the national spotlight.
Coal India’s First All-Women Central Store Unit Inaugurated
- In a significant stride towards women-led development in India’s industrial sector, South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL), inaugurated the company’s first fully women-operated Central Store Unit at its Central Workshop in Korba, Chhattisgarh, on 5 October 2025.
- The initiative reflects the Government of India’s commitment to empowering women under the banner of “Nari Shakti se Rashtra Shakti” and forms part of the Special Campaign 5.0 — a national effort promoting inclusivity, innovation, and good governance across ministries and PSUs.
- The Central Store Unit integrates a modern SAP-based digital platform, ensuring,
- Real-time inventory tracking,
- Transparency in materials management, and
- Automated auditing and reporting processes.
Philippines Launches Southeast Asia’s First Coral Cryobank
- In a pioneering step for marine conservation, the Philippines has launched Southeast Asia’s first Coral Larvae Cryobank, aiming to preserve coral genetic diversity and protect its vital reef ecosystems.
- This initiative comes at a time when global coral populations are under severe threat from climate change, bleaching events, and human activities.
- The Coral Larvae Cryobank is part of a multinational collaboration between scientific institutions from the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand.
- Its primary goal is to freeze and store coral larvae using advanced cryopreservation techniques to ensure their survival and potential reintroduction in the future.
- This approach is designed to protect biodiversity, facilitate coral reef restoration, and build resilience against ongoing and future marine ecosystem stressors.
- Cryopreservation is the process of preserving living cells or tissues at ultra-low temperatures, typically –196°C, using liquid nitrogen. This halts all biological activity, essentially “pausing” life.
- The cryobank is a critical conservation tool for the Coral Triangle, often dubbed the “Amazon of the Seas.”
- Types of Coral Reefs
- Fringing Reefs – Close to shorelines
- Barrier Reefs – Found farther offshore, separated by lagoons
- Atolls – Circular reefs surrounding sunken volcanic islands
Abhidhamma Divas
- An International Conference on the theme “The Relevance of Abhidhamma in Understanding Buddhist Thought: Text, Tradition and Contemporary Perspectives” was organized to explore the philosophical, ethical, and psychological dimensions of Abhidhamma and its relevance in the modern context.
- Abhidhamma Day commemorates the occasion when the Buddha preached the Abhidhamma to the gods of Tavatimsa Heaven, led by his mother Mahamaya, and later shared it with his disciple Arahant Sariputta.
- It may be recalled that the Government of India declared Pali a Classical Language, recognizing its significance as the canonical language of Theravada Buddhist texts, including the Abhidhamma Pitaka.
Khaled El- Enany Set to Become First Arab UNESCO Chief
- Dr. Khaled El-Enany, Egypt’s former Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, is on the cusp of making history as the first Arab Director-General of UNESCO.
- El-Enany will succeed Audrey Azoulay of France and assume office in early 2026 for a four-year term, leading one of the world’s most influential organizations for education, science, culture, and heritage.
- The final step in El- Enany’s appointment is the November 2025 vote by the UNESCO General Conference, where all 194 member states will cast their ballots.
- If approved, he will take over UNESCO leadership in early 2026.
- His victory is significant for the Arab world, which has never before held the top post at UNESCO.
World Postal Day
- World Postal Day is celebrated on 9 October every year to raise awareness among people about the role of the postal sector for people and businesses every day.
- In 1874, the Universal Postal Union was established in Bern, Switzerland and its anniversary was declared as World Postal Day by the Universal Postal Union Congress in Tokyo, Japan in 1969.
National Post Day
- Every year October 10 is observed as National Post Day in India. It is observed to recognize the role played by the Indian Postal Department for more than 150 years. The British brought postal service to India. Lord Dalhousie established it in 1854.
- It is currently the most commonly used postal system in the world and is run by the Ministry of Communications. India has 9 postal zones, 23 postal circles, and one Army Post Office. India’s post offices use a 6-digit PIN Code system that was implemented there in 1972.
World Mental Health Day
- World Mental Health Day is observed on 10 October every year to raise awareness about the scale of suicide around the world and the role that each of us can play in preventing it.
- This day is organised by the World Federation for Mental Health. It is also supported by WHO, the International Association for Suicide Prevention, and the United for Global Mental Health.
Nobel Peace Prize 2025 Laureate
- The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to Maria Corina Machado, a fearless advocate of democracy in Venezuela. Recognized by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Machado has tirelessly fought for democratic rights, free elections, and a peaceful transition from authoritarian rule to democracy.
- Maria Corina Machado is a prominent Venezuelan politician and activist, renowned for her leadership in the country’s democracy movement.
- She has spent decades opposing authoritarianism and defending fundamental democratic principles.
International Day of the Girl Child
- International Day of the Girl Child is observed on 11 October to raise voices for girls and stand up for their rights.
- The theme for the 2025 International Day of the Girl Child is
- “The girl I am, the change I lead: Girls on the frontlines of crisis”.
- On December 19, 2011, United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 66/170 to declare October 11 as the International Day of the Girl Child to recognize girls’ rights and the unique challenges girls face around the world.
- The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by world leaders in 2015, embody a roadmap for progress that is sustainable and leaves no one behind.
Sherry Singh Wins India’s First Mrs. Universe Crown
- India has etched its name in global pageantry history as Sherry Singh was crowned Mrs. Universe 2025 at the prestigious finale held in Manila, Philippines.
- The 48th edition of Mrs Universe, held at the luxurious Okada in Manila, witnessed a dazzling display of confidence, elegance, and intellect.
- Winner: India – Sherry Singh
- 1st Runner-up: Saint Petersburg
- 2nd Runner-up: Philippines
- 3rd Runner-up: Asia
- 4th Runner-up: Russia
- The Mrs Universe pageant is among the oldest and most prestigious international competitions for married women, celebrating not only beauty but also intellect, leadership, and social impact.
Bumrah Becomes First Indian Pacer with 50 Matches Across All Format
- In a landmark moment for Indian cricket, Jasprit Bumrah etched his name in the record books by becoming the first Indian fast bowler to play 50 Test matches across all international formats.
- The feat was achieved during the second Test match against the West Indies at the Arun Jaitley Stadium in Delhi on October 10, 2025.
- He is the first Indian pacer to reach 50 Tests
- He is also the only Indian fast bowler to have played 50 or more matches in all three formats,
- Tests
- One Day Internationals (ODIs)
- Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is)
- Other Achievers
- MS Dhoni
- Virat Kohli
- Ravindra Jadeja
- Ravichandran Ashwin
- Rohit Sharma
- KL Rahul
Kaziranga Director Sonali Ghosh Wins Global Sustainability Award
- Sonali Ghosh, Director of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve, has become the first Indian to receive the prestigious Kenton R. Miller Award for innovation in sustainable protected area management.
- The honor was conferred by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), part of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), at a ceremony held in Abu Dhabi on October 10, 2025.
- She shares the award with Roque Simón Sevilla Larrea of Ecuador, recognizing their transformative efforts in conservation rooted in community engagement and ecological integration.
- The Kenton R. Miller Award celebrates exceptional leadership and innovation in the management of protected areas such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and biodiversity hotspots.
India Elected to UNHRC for 2026–28
- India has been elected unopposed to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for a three-year term from 2026 to 2028. This marks India’s seventh term on the Council, highlighting the country’s consistent presence and influence in global human rights forums.
- The election was held at the UN General Assembly, where India’s candidacy received overwhelming support from member nations. As there were no competing candidates from the Asia-Pacific group, India was elected unopposed.
- The UNHRC is the premier intergovernmental body within the United Nations system responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide.
- Key features of the Council include,
- 47 member states, elected by the UN General Assembly
- Each term lasts three years, and countries cannot serve more than two consecutive terms
- Established in 2006, replacing the former UN Commission on Human Rights
- Functions include reviewing the human rights records of UN member states through the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process, addressing violations, and making recommendations
- India was first elected to the Council in 2006, the year of its creation.
Anant Goenka Named FICCI President-Elect for 2025–26
- The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) has appointed Anant Goenka, Vice Chairperson of the RPG Group, as its President-Elect for 2025–26.
- Anant Goenka currently serves as Senior Vice President at FICCI and holds the position of Vice Chairperson at RPG Group, a diversified Indian industrial conglomerate with interests in sectors like infrastructure, tyres (CEAT), IT, and healthcare.
- Founded in 1927, FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) is one of India’s most prominent business associations.
- It plays a vital role in,
- Representing Indian industries in policy discussions
- Engaging with the government on economic reforms
- Promoting international trade partnerships
- Organizing high-profile forums like FICCI Frames, FICCI Flo, and India Innovation Summit
Messi Becomes Top Assist Maker in International Football
- Lionel Messi etched another chapter in football history by becoming the all-time leader in international assists.
- In Argentina’s 6‑0 rout of Puerto Rico, the 38-year-old icon provided two assists, taking his total to 60—surpassing both Neymar and Landon Donovan on the all-time list.
- Interestingly, Messi’s first-ever assist for Argentina came in 2006, also in a 6‑0 win, against Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup.
- Nineteen years later, in an identical scoreline, he broke the record—illustrating the poetic symmetry in his career.
Ahmedabad Recommended to Host CWG
- Commonwealth Games back to India after two decades, the Commonwealth Sport Executive Board has officially recommended Ahmedabad as the proposed host for the 2030 Commonwealth Games (CWG).
- The final decision will be made on November 26, 2025, during the Commonwealth Sport General Assembly in Glasgow.
- India last hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2010, in New Delhi. With this latest development, India is positioned to welcome back the prestigious international sporting event during its Centenary edition in 2030.
- What’s Next?
- November 26, 2025: The final vote by the full Commonwealth Sport membership will be conducted in Glasgow
- If approved, Ahmedabad will become the second Indian city to host the CWG
- Preparations will then begin to ready the city for the 2030 Centenary Games, likely bringing major infrastructure, economic, and cultural benefits
World Anaesthesia Day 2025
- World Anaesthesia Day, observed annually on October 16, commemorates a pivotal moment in medical history—the first successful public use of ether anaesthesia in 1846. It transformed surgery from a painful ordeal into a precise, pain-free science.
- In 2025, the global theme focuses on “Anaesthesiology in Health Emergencies,” highlighting the critical role of anaesthesia teams in crisis situations.
World Food Day 2025
- World Food Day 2025, observed annually on 16th October, reminds the global community of a powerful truth—food is not just sustenance; it is life.
- The day promotes awareness around food insecurity, celebrates those who produce and deliver food, and inspires global cooperation toward achieving Zero Hunger.
- The 2025 theme, “Sustainable Food Systems for a Healthy Planet,” highlights the urgency of transitioning to eco-friendly and inclusive food systems that nourish people and protect the environment.
- The FAO accepted the proposal and designated 16th October—the day it was founded in 1945—as World Food Day.
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
- Every year on October 17, the world observes the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, as designated by the United Nations. It’s not just a day to reflect on income disparities but also a moment to emphasize dignity, justice, and inclusive development.
- In 2025, the day focuses on a compelling theme: “Ending social and institutional maltreatment by ensuring respect and effective support for families”.
- 1987: First observed as the World Day to Overcome Poverty in Paris, France
- 1992: Officially recognized by the United Nations General Assembly as the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
- NITI Aayog’s National Multidimensional Poverty Index (2023),
- 13.5 crore people exited multidimensional poverty between 2015–16 and 2019–21
ICC Player of the Month October 2025
- Indian cricket celebrated a proud moment in September 2025 as Abhishek Sharma and Smriti Mandhana were named ICC Players of the Month for their exceptional performances in international cricket.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a global health alert regarding three Indian‑maBoth left-handed openers, they stood out with match-winning knocks and career milestones that resonated across global rankings and fan votes.
- Abhishek Sharma, 25, emerged as one of the brightest stars in the Asia Cup T20I tournament, scoring 314 runs in 7 matches at an average of 44.85 and a phenomenal strike rate of 200.
- Mandhana triumphed over Tazmin Brits (South Africa) and Sidra Amin (Pakistan) to win the ICC Women’s Player of the Month award.
- Her contributions were pivotal during India’s ongoing ICC Women’s World Cup 2025 campaign.
Nirmal Minda Becomes Assocham President
- Nirmal Kumar Minda, the Executive Chairman of Uno Minda Group, assumed the role of President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham).
- Alongside him, Amitabh Chaudhry, Managing Director & CEO of Axis Bank, has been named as the Senior Vice‑President of Assocham, though his appointment is subject to RBI approval.
- The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) is a non-governmental trade association and advocacy group based in New Delhi, India.
- The organ represents the interests of trade and commerce in India and acts as an interface between issues and initiatives. The goal of this organisation is to promote both domestic and international trade and reduce trade barriers while fostering conducive environment for the growth of trade and industry of India.
First Transgender Member of SC-Appointed Committee
- Trans rights activist Akkai Padmashali has been appointed to a Supreme Court panel tasked with formulating an equal opportunity policy for the protection of transgender rights.
- She is the first transgender person from Karnataka to serve on such a committee, marking a historic step for representation and inclusivity in policymaking at the national level.
- NALSA v. Union of India (2014): Recognized transgender people as “third gender” and upheld the right to self-identify.
- 2018 ruling: Decriminalized homosexuality, supporting gender and sexual minorities.
- Challenge: Implementation of these rulings on the ground remains limited.
- Committee Composition
- Headed by: Justice Asha Menon, retired Delhi High Court judge.
World Osteoporosis Day 2025
- World Osteoporosis Day is observed annually on 20 October, and launches a year-long campaign dedicated to raising global awareness of bone health, and of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease.
- As the world observes World Osteoporosis Day 2025, the Ministry of Ayush emphasises the critical need for early preventive care and lifestyle interventions to address Osteoporosis—a silent yet major public health challenge affecting millions globally.
- This year’s observance aims to raise awareness about bone health and how Ayurveda offers sustainable, preventive, and restorative solutions for conditions like osteoporosis.
- It develops slowly over time due to a loss of bone strength and density, and is often called a “silent disease” because it usually shows no symptoms until a fracture occurs.
- In many cases, the first sign is a bone fracture — often in the hip, wrist, or spine — which can lead to pain, changes in posture such as hunching (kyphosis), and slow recovery after injury.
World Statistics Day
- World Statistics Day is celebrated on October 20. The first such day was observed on October 20, 2010. This year the world witnessed the third World Statistics Day.
- The day was created by the United Nations Statistical Commission to acknowledge the importance of data authenticity and credibility across the globe.
‘We Rise’ Initiative Launched BY NITI AAYOG
- NITI Aayog’s Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP), in partnership with DP World, has launched the ‘We Rise – Women Entrepreneurs Reimagining Inclusive and Sustainable Enterprises’ initiative.
- It integrates WEP’s extensive ecosystem of over 90,000 women entrepreneurs with DP World’s global trade infrastructure, creating a powerful platform for capacity-building, market access, and international trade participation.
- To make women-led MSMEs export-ready through tailored mentorship and business support.
- To provide international market exposure, especially via platforms like Bharat Mart in Dubai.
- To enable long-term capacity-building, including training on compliance, branding, logistics, and finance.
Verstappen Wins US Grand Prix, F1 Title Race
- The Formula 1 United States Grand Prix 2025 delivered high drama and shifting championship dynamics as Max Verstappen stormed to his third win in four races, tightening the gap in a now fierce three-way title battle.
- McLaren’s Lando Norris finished a strong second, cutting his teammate Oscar Piastri’s lead in the standings and setting up a thrilling final stretch with five Grand Prix and two sprint races remaining.
- The win marks his 68th career victory, and his momentum makes him a real threat in the closing races.
Morocco Stuns Argentina to Win Historic U-20 World Cup
- Morocco made history on October 19, 2025, by defeating Argentina 2-0 in the Under-20 FIFA World Cup final in Chile, capturing the nation’s first World Cup title at any level. The North African nation capped off a phenomenal tournament run with a commanding victory over one of football’s traditional powerhouses.
Tuvalu Becomes 90th Member of IUCN Amid Climate Crisis
- Tuvalu, one of the world’s smallest and most climate-vulnerable nations, has officially joined the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as its 90th State Member.
- The move marks a significant step for the island nation in strengthening its environmental governance and global engagement in conservation efforts.
- Tuvalu, located in the Pacific Ocean, comprises nine atolls and low-lying islands with a land area of just 26 square kilometres. However, it commands an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of nearly 900,000 sq km, teeming with coral reefs, fisheries, and migratory seabirds.
Sunil Amrith Wins British Academy Prize
- Indian-origin historian Sunil Amrith has won the 2025 British Academy Book Prize for his groundbreaking work, The Burning Earth: An Environmental History of the Last 500 Years. The prestigious £25,000 award celebrates outstanding non-fiction in the humanities and social sciences.
- Established in 2013, the British Academy Book Prize celebrates excellence in non-fiction across the humanities and social sciences.
- The prize seeks to promote research-rich writing that connects scholarship with society.
Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 Winners Announced
- On October 26, 2025, the Indian government announced the recipients of the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025, the nation’s highest civilian honour for contributions to science, technology, and innovation.
- Instituted to celebrate excellence across diverse scientific fields, these awards aim to foster a culture of research and innovation in India.
- The Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar is conferred in four major categories,
- Vigyan Ratna – For lifetime achievements in science
- Vigyan Shri – For exceptional individual contributions
- Vigyan Yuva–Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar – For young scientists (under 45 years)
- Vigyan Team Award – For collaborative research efforts
- Vigyan Ratna (Posthumous)
- Prof. Jayant Vishnu Narlikar – Awarded posthumously for his outstanding contribution to Physics.
- Vigyan Shri Awardees
- Dr. Gyanendra Pratap Singh – Agricultural Science
- Dr. Yusuf Mohammad Seikh – Atomic Energy
- Dr. K. Thangaraj – Biological Sciences
- Prof. Pradeep Thalappil – Chemistry
- Prof. Aniruddha Bhalchandra Pandit – Engineering Sciences
- Dr. S. Venkata Mohan – Environmental Science
- Prof. Mahan Mj – Mathematics and Computer Science
- Shri Jayan N – Space Science and Technology
East Timor Becomes 11th Member of ASEAN
- On October 26, 2025, East Timor — also known as Timor-Leste — officially became the 11th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
- This historic inclusion took place during the ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, where the country’s flag was raised alongside those of the other member states.
- The moment represents both a symbolic and strategic milestone for the young democracy, long striving for regional integration since its independence in 2002.
- Despite its small size — population of 1.4 million and an economy of just $2 billion, a fraction of ASEAN’s $3.8 trillion GDP — East Timor’s inclusion is politically significant.
- East Timor’s Role in ASEAN
- Post-conflict nation-building
- Conflict resolution and dialogue, particularly in the context of border disputes and the South China Sea
- Democratic development and grassroots governance in small states
- President Ramos-Horta recently stated that East Timor will work to not burden ASEAN but instead contribute meaningfully to its stability mechanisms.
International Animation Day 2025
- Every year on October 28, the world celebrates International Animation Day (IAD)—a global homage to the art of animation, observed across more than 50 countries.
- Spearheaded by ASIFA (Association Internationale du Film d’Animation), this celebration marks the birth of projected animation, commemorating Émile Reynaud’s historic screening using his Théâtre Optique in 1892, Paris.
- ASIFA established International Animation Day in 2002 to spotlight animation as a powerful form of artistic and cultural expression.
- IAD is marked by an array of activities including,
- Film screenings (from children’s animations to indie art films)
- Workshops for aspiring animators and students
- Conferences and exhibitions hosted by ASIFA chapters and animation institutions
Vajra Chandrasekera Wins 2025 Le Guin Fiction Prize
- Sri Lankan writer Vajra Chandrasekera has won the 2025 Ursula K. Le Guin Prize for Fiction for his speculative novel Rakesfall. The $25,000 award recognises a single author whose imaginative fiction explores critical themes such as power, freedom, equity, and humanity’s place in the world.
- Established in 2022, the Ursula K. Le Guin Prize for Fiction honours the legacy of the legendary author known for critiquing capitalism, patriarchy, and colonialism through fantasy and science fiction.
Cyclone Montha
- India’s eastern coastline is bracing for Cyclone Montha, a system that has intensified from a deep depression over the southeast Bay of Bengal.
- According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Montha is expected to evolve into a Severe Cyclonic Storm (SCS) by 28 October 2025, impacting states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Telangana, Kerala, and Chhattisgarh with heavy rains and strong winds.
- The name “Montha” was contributed by Thailand, as part of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and ESCAP Panel that oversees cyclone naming in the North Indian Ocean.
- How Tropical Storms Like Cyclone Montha Form
- Low-Pressure Formation: Warm ocean waters heat the air above, creating a low-pressure zone that draws in surrounding moist air.
- Convection and Cloud Formation: The rising moist air cools and condenses, forming storm clouds.
- Cyclonic Circulation: Due to the Earth’s rotation (Coriolis force), the air begins to spiral, intensifying the system.
- Strengthening into a Cyclone: If sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remain high (above 27°C) and wind shear is low, the system strengthens into a Cyclonic Storm and possibly a Severe Cyclonic Storm.
150 Years of the Iron Man
- Every year on October 31, India celebrates Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) to mark the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the Iron Man of India. This year’s celebration holds special significance as the nation commemorates his 150th birth anniversary.
- The main event is being held at Ekta Nagar in the Narmada district of Gujarat, home to the iconic Statue of Unity. The venue symbolizes “Unity in Diversity”, reflecting India’s cultural richness and natural beauty.
- Bharat Parv 2025: A Festival of Unity
- Following Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, Ekta Nagar will host Bharat Parv 2025 from November 1 to 15. The festival will feature:
- Cultural performances from across India
- A grand food festival showcasing regional cuisines
- Exhibitions and activities celebrating national integration
- The event will conclude on November 15 with Birsa Munda Jayanti, honoring the tribal hero Birsa Munda and the rich heritage of India’s tribal communities.
World Food Prize Honour
- Celebrated chef, author and Padma Shri awardee Sanjeev Kapoor has been recognised by the World Food Prize Foundation (WFPF) as one of its 2025 Top Agri‑Food Pioneers (TAP). The honour highlights his work far beyond the kitchen — linking culinary expertise, nutrition advocacy, and agricultural sourcing into a unified agenda for better food systems.
- Kapoor was recognised not only for his culinary excellence but for using food as a platform to address deeper challenges in India’s nutrition and agri‑ecosystem. His leadership in initiatives like ‘Nutri Pathshala’, which connects schools, farmers, and nutrition programmes, played a key role in this honour.
- Established by: Dr. Norman Borlaug (Nobel Peace Prize laureate)
- Year Founded: 1986
- Headquarters: Des Moines, Iowa, USA
- Mission: To recognise individuals advancing food security, nutrition, sustainable agriculture, and innovation in food systems
Review Questions
- Every year on which date is the International Day of Older Persons observed?
A. 21st June
B. 1st October
C. 15th August
D. 10th December
ANSWER: B - The International Day of Older Persons was designated by the UNGA in which
year?
A. 1985
B. 1990
C. 1995
D. 2000
ANSWER: B - What is the theme of International Day of Older Persons 2025?
A. “Leaving No One Behind”
B. “Older Persons Driving Local and Global Action: Our Aspirations, Our Well-Being
and Our Rights”
C. “Resilience of the Elderly in a Changing World”
D. “Healthy Ageing for All”
ANSWER: B - In India’s cheetah reintroduction programme, which female cheetah became
the first India-born cub to reach adulthood?
A. Asha
B. Mukhi
C. Siya
D. Kiran
ANSWER: B - Project Cheetah was launched on September 17, 2022, at which location?
A. Gir National Park
B. Kaziranga National Park
C. Kuno National Park
D. Jim Corbett National Park
ANSWER: C - India has been elected unopposed to the UNHRC for which term?
A. 2024–2026
B. 2025–2027
C. 2026–2028
D. 2027–2029
ANSWER: C - Which country became the first in the world to achieve triple elimination of
mother-to-child transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis?
A. Sri Lanka
B. Maldives
C. Singapore
D. Thailand
ANSWER: B - Who has been appointed as the President-Elect of the FICCI for 2025–26?
A. Harsh Goenka
B. Anant Goenka
C. Uday Kotak
D. Sanjiv Bajaj
ANSWER: B - When was FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry)
founded?
A. 1917
B. 1927
C. 1937
D. 1947
ANSWER: B - Which app has been launched to address human-elephant conflict in
Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve?
A. Elephant Watch App
B. Gaj Suraksha App
C. Gaj Rakshak App
D. Hathi Raksha App
ANSWER: C - German Unity Day is celebrated every year on which date?
A. 1 October
B. 2 October
C. 3 October
D. 4 October
ANSWER: B - Where is India’s first Dugong Conservation Reserve located?
A. Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
B. Palk Bay, Tamil Nadu
C. Lakshadweep Islands
D. Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat
ANSWER: B - In which year was the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) established?
A. 1924
B. 1935
C. 1926
D. 1950
ANSWER: C - Cyclone Shakti formed in October 2025 over which water body?
A. Bay of Bengal
B. Arabian Sea
C. Indian Ocean
D. South China Sea
ANSWER: B - The name “Shakti” for the 2025 cyclone was proposed by which country?
A. India
B. Bangladesh
C. Sri Lanka
D. Myanmar
ANSWER: C - Mirabai Chanu won a silver medal in which category at the 2025 World
Weightlifting Championships?
A. 49 kg
B. 45 kg
C. 48 kg
D. 50 kg
ANSWER: C - The 2025 World Weightlifting Championships, where Mirabai Chanu
competed, was held in which country?
A. Sweden
B. Norway
C. Denmark
D. Germany
ANSWER: B - Which song is being commemorated for its 150th anniversary in India?
A. Jana Gana Mana
B. Saare Jahan Se Achha
C. Vande Mataram
D. Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon
ANSWER: C - The first fully women-operated Central Store Unit of SECL has been
inaugurated in which state?
A. Jharkhand
B. Chhattisgarh
C. Odisha
D. Madhya Pradesh
ANSWER: B - Which country launched Southeast Asia’s first Coral Larvae Cryobank?
A. Indonesia
B. Malaysia
C. Philippines
D. Vietnam
ANSWER: C - On which date is World Postal Day celebrated every year?
A. 5 October
B. 7 October
C. 9 October
D. 10 October
ANSWER:C - What is the objective of India’s newly launched NAKSHA Programme?
A. To modernize postal services
B. To improve rural healthcare systems
C. To transform urban land management
D. To promote AI-based governance
ANSWER: C - What is the theme for the 2025 International Day of the Girl Child?
A. “Girls for Global Change”
B. “Empower Her Voice”
C. “The girl I am, the change I lead: Girls on the frontlines of crisis”
D. “Future Leaders: Girls of Tomorrow”
ANSWER: C - Who was awarded the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize?
A. Malala Yousafzai
B. Maria Corina Machado
C. Greta Thunberg
D. Sherry Singh
ANSWER: B - Who won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics?
A. Amartya Sen, Esther Duflo, and Abhijit Banerjee
B. Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt
C. Robert Shiller, Eugene Fama, and Lars Hansen
D. Thomas Piketty, Angus Deaton, and David Card
ANSWER: B - Which Indian pacer became the first to play 50 matches across all formats?
A. Mohammed Shami
B. Jasprit Bumrah
C. Ishant Sharma
D. Bhuvneshwar Kumar
ANSWER: B - The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty is observed every year on:
A. October 15
B. October 16
C. October 17
D. October 18
ANSWER: C - What is the theme for the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
2025?
A. Working together for a sustainable future
B. Empowering the poor through education
C. Ending social and institutional maltreatment by ensuring respect and effective
support for families
D. Equality and dignity for all
ANSWER: C - The year 2025 marks which special milestone of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s birth
anniversary?
A. 125th
B. 135th
C. 140th
D. 150th
Answer: D. 150th - Which renowned Indian chef was recognised by the World Food Prize Foundation
as one of the 2025 Top Agri-Food Pioneers (TAP)?
A. Ranveer Brar
B. Sanjeev Kapoor
C. Vikas Khanna
D. Kunal Kapur
Answer: B. Sanjeev Kapoor
