Introduction In Physics, the concepts of Work, Power and Energy help us understand how objects move and how forces affect motion. These concepts are closely related to our day-to-day activities such as walking, lifting objects, riding a bicycle, or operating machines. For example, when a soldier lifts equipment, pushes an obstacle, or runs with speed, … Read more
Introduction Force and Laws of Motion form one of the most fundamental chapters in Physics and act as the foundation for Mechanics, which is an extremely important unit for the NDA and CDS examinations. Every motion that we observe in daily life—walking, running, driving a vehicle, flying an aircraft, or launching a missile—is governed by … Read more
Introduction Motion is one of the most fundamental topics in Physics and forms the foundation for understanding advanced concepts in Mechanics. In simple words, motion refers to the change in position of an object with respect to time and a chosen reference point. Every movement we observe in daily life—walking, running, flying aircraft, moving vehicles, … Read more
IntroductionWaves and Sound form an important and interesting part of Physics. In this chapter, we study how energy travels in the form of waves and how sound is produced, transmitted, and heard. Topics such as types of waves, characteristics of sound (pitch, loudness, and quality), echo, and basic wave motion help build a strong conceptual … Read more
Introduction The human eye is one of the most important sense organs, which enables us to see the beautiful and colourful world around us. It works like a natural camera by allowing light to enter, forming an image on the retina, and sending signals to the brain. The study of the human eye helps us … Read more
Refraction of light is the phenomenon in which the path of light changes when it travels from one medium to another due to a change in its speed. This concept helps us understand many natural and practical effects such as the bending of a pencil in water, formation of images by lenses, and working of … Read more
Introduction Reflection of Light is one of the fundamental topics of Optics and forms the base for understanding mirrors, image formation, and optical instruments. When light rays strike a smooth surface such as a mirror, they bounce back into the same medium; this phenomenon is known as reflection of light. The laws of reflection explain … Read more
Introduction Physics is the science of measurement, and every physical quantity must be expressed quantitatively. Units and Dimensions form the foundation of Physics, helping us measure, compare, and understand physical quantities accurately. In this chapter, we study different systems of units, fundamental and derived quantities, and the concept of dimensions, which are essential for analyzing … Read more
The NDA (National Defence Academy) and CDS (Combined Defence Services) exams test candidates on basic concepts of General Science, including foundational Chemistry. Although the questions are simple, they require clear understanding, quick recall, and conceptual clarity.Topics like Atomic Structure and Redox Reactions form the building blocks for many questions asked in General Science sections of … Read more
In Chemistry, many of the things we see around us—plastic bottles, rubber tyres, glass windows—are made from important materials that science has helped us create. Two such important concepts are Polymers and Glass. Understanding how they are formed and what they are used for gives students a strong foundation for higher studies and competitive exams … Read more
