February marked the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Iwo Jima, a pivotal moment in Marine Corps history recognized for its intensity and significance. In a reflection of this landmark event, the Marine Corps Wargaming Division at Quantico conducted a simulation two decades ago to speculate on how similar confrontations might evolve in the future. This simulation leaned on the tactics and technologies that would later be categorized under the concept of Operational Maneuver From the Sea (OMFTS).
In stark contrast to the linear assault strategies of 1945, the envisioned 2025 assault simulation proposed landing smaller, agile forces on narrowly defined, undefended beaches. This approach capitalized on advanced military technology and allowed for operations to be less predictable and more adaptable. The simulation depicted defenders equipped with contemporary Soviet weaponry, who had not anticipated or prepared for attacks on these smaller beaches—thus exposing potential vulnerabilities.
The scenario envisioned an extensive use of advanced landing craft and Navy air-cushioned vehicles, which would transport technologically enhanced forces—these forces would also rely heavily on robotic systems. Rather than depending entirely on live Marines to engage enemy strongholds, the simulation included autonomous ground robots to direct precision airstrikes using kamikaze drones, and other robots tasked with clearing out fortified areas in enemy territory. This futuristic vision significantly reduced the risk to human soldiers during sensitive operations.
Another innovative strategy in this iteration focused on logistics, a traditionally fragile element in military operations. The simulation proposed a “just-in-time” logistics model to replace the cumbersome supply depots that had proven disadvantageous in past conflicts. This reimagined approach involved robotic helicopters delivering supplies directly from ships stationed beyond the horizon to the front lines, thereby minimizing vulnerability.
These forward-thinking narratives generated considerable discussion upon their publication in the Navy/Marine Corps Times, coinciding with the anniversary of the Iwo Jima landings. Some logists, already in the process of adopting a computerized logistics framework, expressed concern that their roles would soon be rendered obsolete. Similarly, aviators were apprehensive about the implications of replacing traditional air support systems with unmanned aerial vehicles.
In 1998, further exploration of OMFTS concepts led to a wargame that simulated a modern-day repurposing of the Battle of Okinawa, employing the innovative tactics suggested by OMFTS. The game sought the input of retired Lieutenant General Victor “Brute” Krulak, whose original amphibious tactics during the actual battle had been dismissed as overly ambitious. However, those strategies appeared to have been validated in the simulation, resulting in minimal casualties and showcasing OMFTS’s potential.
Despite the optimism surrounding OMFTS, by the early 2000s, the Marine Corps faced a tipping point. The national focus shifted dramatically following the events of September 11, 2001, leading to exigencies that left little room for the kinds of operations OMFTS had been designed for. Engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan emphasized counterinsurgency and protracted land conflicts, sending OMFTS proposals to the backburner despite numerous technological advancements that could have addressed capability gaps.
By 2020, the Commandant at the time embraced a new paradigm known as Force Design 2030, which represented a significant departure from the concept of large amphibious operations in favor of other strategic priorities. However, many who had once championed OMFTS now contend that such a course has left the Marine Corps at a disadvantage, pointing to contemporary threats such as ongoing maritime issues in the Red Sea involving Houthi forces.
Advocates for OMFTS argue that an adaptable amphibious force remains crucial, particularly in situations like the threat s posed by the Houthis, where a navy and marine coordinated response leveraging the principles of OMFTS could yield more effective results than conventional airstrikes alone. With technologies that were once foresighted now deployed in various military applications, the discourse around OMFTS suggests an opportunity for reevaluation.
As the new administration assesses the military’s strategic framework, there is hope that a renewed focus on offensive capabilities, exemplified by principles from OMFTS, could enhance the Marine Corps’ operational readiness and effectiveness in contemporary warfare scenarios. Reengagement with these concepts may serve as a pivotal moment for the future of the Marine Corps.
