In Current Affairs for June 2025, we will see the latest national and international current affairs news. These important current affairs will be beneficial for your upcoming NDA, CDS, CDS OTA, AFCAT, TA, Agniveer Army, Agniveer Navy, Agniveer Air Force, Women Military Police, INET, MNS, ACC exams, SCO, PCSL, CAPF, and SSB interviews, and direct entries for Army, Navy, and Air Force like SSC Tech, TGC, JAG, NCC, TES, 10+2 Cadet. Download a PDF file about current events at the end of this article. Let us now see the Current Affairs.
Shangrila Dialogue 2025
- It is Asia’s premier defence and security summit that brings together defence ministers, military chiefs, policymakers and strategic experts across the globe. Since its birth in 2002, it has developed into the most influential multilateral security exchange platform in the Asia-Pacific region.
- It is held in June every year in Singapore’s Shangri-La Hotel. It is organized by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in London, UK, and co-organized by Singapore’s Ministry of Defence.
- The agenda of the Shangri-La Dialogue is closely related to the security situation and development trend in the Asia-Pacific region, covering traditional and non-traditional security and other fields. These include traditional security issues such as territorial disputes and military cooperation, as well as non-traditional security issues such as terrorism, cybersecurity, and climate change.
- Such agenda setting enables the dialogue to fully reflect the security challenges and cooperation needs of the Asia-Pacific region.
- Around the above issues, Shangri-La Dialogue is divided into two forms: open general assembly exchanges and closed-door group meetings.
- Open exchanges at the conference allow delegates to make speeches and discuss issues of common interest, enhancing mutual understanding and trust.
- Closed-door breakout sessions are more in-depth and specific, allowing participants to discuss and negotiate on a topic in depth and seek cooperation and solutions.
Ayush Suraksha Portal
- AyushSuraksha Portal was launched recently to boost consumer protection in traditional medicine in India. This initiative is part of the Ministry of Ayush’s efforts to enhance transparency and accountability.
- The portal aims to empower citizens and professionals to actively participate in safeguarding the integrity of Ayush systems. It is designed to combat misleading advertisements and ensure that only safe products are available to the public.
- The AyushSuraksha Portal serves as a centralised platform for monitoring misleading advertisements and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). It integrates data from various regulatory bodies, including State Licensing Authorities and national pharmacovigilance centres.
- This integration allows for real-time monitoring and systematic analysis of reported issues. Citizens can report misleading ads and ADRs directly through the portal, making it accessible and user-friendly. The portal was developed following a Supreme Court order in July 2024. The court mandated the establishment of a system to monitor misleading advertisements and ADRs effectively. The Ministry of Ayush met the court’s deadline ahead of schedule, demonstrating its commitment to regulatory compliance.
- The technical support for the portal was provided by the Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), ensuring that it aligns with national pharmacovigilance standards.
- The AyushSuraksha Portal integrates multiple regulatory authorities, including the Ayush vertical under the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoI&B), and others. This integration ensures a coordinated response to reports made by citizens and healthcare professionals. The system facilitates inter-state referrals and updates on actions taken regarding complaints.
Hawaii Implements First Climate Impact Fee In US
- Hawaii made history by becoming the first U.S. state to introduce a climate impact fee. This initiative aims to support environmental efforts and combat climate change.
- It increases the transient accommodations tax (TAT) on hotels and short-term rentals by 0.75%. This new fee is set to take effect on January 1, 2026 The Green Fee, officially known as Act 96, raises the TAT to 11%.
- This increase applies not only to hotel stays but also to short-term accommodations and cruise ships, which were previously exempt. The fee is minimal for tourists. For instance, a $300 hotel stay will incur an additional cost of only $2.25 per night. The primary goal of the Green Fee is to fund climate change resilience and environmental protection initiatives. The revenue generated will be directed towards various projects.
- These include climate change mitigation, invasive species control, wildlife conservation, and beach restoration. The fee aims to promote sustainable tourism while ensuring the preservation of Hawaii’s unique natural resources. The Green Fee is expected to generate around $100 million annually. The funds will be allocated to several environmental initiatives. Specific projects will be determined in the next legislative session. The fee is an essential step in creating a sustainable future for Hawaii, according to Governor Green.
Goa Achieves Full Functional Literacy
- Goa has recently been declared fully literate under the ULLAS Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram. Goa is now the second state in India to surpass the 95% literacy benchmark. This milestone aligns with India’s goal of achieving full literacy by 2030, as outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Full literacy is crucial for socio-economic development.
- It empowers individuals and enhances community participation. Literate populations tend to have better health outcomes and improved economic prospects.
- Goa’s achievement serves as a model for other states aiming for similar goals. The ULLAS scheme, initiated in 2022, focuses on adult literacy. It targets individuals aged 15 years and above who have not had formal education.
- The programme includes five key components – Foundational Literacy and Numeracy, Critical Life Skills, Basic Education, Vocational Skills, and Continuing Education. The scheme is designed to be inclusive and volunteer-driven. The Government of Goa employed a Whole-of-Government approach. Various departments collaborated to identify non-literate individuals.
- Key departments included the Directorate of Panchayats, Directorate of Municipal Administration, and Directorate of Social Welfare. This inter-departmental cooperation was essential for the success of the initiative.
- Swayampurna Mitras played a vital role in the literacy campaign. They conducted awareness programmes and assisted learners in obtaining literacy certifications. Their involvement ensured that the campaign reached a broader audience, facilitating the integration of learners into educational modules. Community involvement was a mainstay of the ULLAS initiative.
- Local administrations, school heads, and volunteers contributed to the effort. Their dedication helped in identifying learners and promoting the importance of literacy. This grassroots approach encourageed a sense of ownership among citizens. Goa’s success in achieving full literacy sets a precedent for other states.
- It marks the effectiveness of people-centric literacy campaigns. The state serves as a beacon of progress, embodying the spirit of Jan-Jan Sakshar. This achievement aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of Viksit Bharat. The ULLAS programme continues to be implemented across India. As more states strive to emulate Goa’s success, the focus will remain on expanding literacy and educational opportunities. The commitment to adult education is crucial for achieving the national goal of full literacy by 2030.
NAKSHA Programme
- NAKSHA programme, initiated by the Government of India, aims to reform urban land surveys using advanced geospatial technologies. As urban populations surge, the need for accurate land records becomes critical.
- The second phase of capacity-building training will begin on 2nd June 2025, following a successful first phase that trained 160 master trainers. This initiative involves 304 officers from 157 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) across the nation.
- NAKSHA stands for National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations. This initiative addresses the pressing need for modern, accurate, and accessible land records in urban settings. With India’s urban population projected to exceed 600 million by 2031, reliable land documentation is crucial for urban governance and planning.
- Objectives of the Programme
- The main objectives of NAKSHA include:
- Modernising urban land records for accuracy and accessibility.
- Enhancing urban planning capabilities to support smart city initiatives.
- Reducing land disputes through clear ownership documentation.
- Fostering transparency in land records via a Web-GIS-based IT system.
- Supporting sustainable urban development and governance.
- Training and Capacity Building
- The capacity-building programme will take place at five Centres of Excellence (CoEs) across India. These include prestigious institutions such as:
- Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie
- Yashwantrao Chavan Academy of Development Administration, Pune
- Northeast Region Centre of Excellence, Guwahati
- Mahatma Gandhi State Institute of Public Administration, Chandigarh
- Punjab Administrative Training Institute, Mysuru
- The training sessions will focus on practical skills in geospatial technologies, including GNSS and ETS-based surveying, land parcel mapping, and legal-administrative aspects of land surveys.
Baerbock Elected UNGA President
- Germany’s former foreign minister, Annalena Baerbock elected as the next president of the United Nations General Assembly with strong support, winning 167 votes out of 193 in a secret ballot demanded by Russia.
- Baerbock replaces Cameroon’s Philemon Yang and will begin her one-year term in September, leading the assembly during key events, including the annual world leaders’ meeting and the UN’s 80th anniversary.
- She also becomes the first woman from the Western European group to hold the post and the fifth woman overall to lead the General Assembly. The presidency rotates among the world body’s five regional groups.
- Germany had originally nominated diplomat Helga Schmid but switched to Baerbock after she lost her ministerial role in Germany’s recent election.
- Meanwhile, Russia strongly opposed Baerbock’s candidacy, calling her biased and unfit due to her tough stance against Moscow. Despite this, Baerbock said she was honoured by the strong support and is ready to work with all countries.
- In her acceptance speech, Baerbock said her theme will be “Better Together”, stressing the importance of global cooperation during uncertain times. She highlighted ongoing global conflicts and the need for the UN to fulfil its mission of preventing war.
Indigenous Polar Research Vessel
- India’s Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE) and Norway’s Kongsberg Oslo signed an MoU which paves the way for India to build its first ever Polar Research Vessel (PRV) indigenously. The MoU was signed today in presence of Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal in Oslo, Norway.
- Speaking on the occasion, Mr. Sonowal said, this MoU is a beacon of hope and progress, signalling India’s unwavering commitment to scientific advancement and sustainable development. The vessel will be equipped with the latest scientific equipment, enable researchers to explore the oceans’ depths, study marine ecosystems, and unlock new insights into our planet’s past, present, and future.
- Mr. Sonowal participated in ministerial’s discussion on shipping and ocean business and reaffirmed India’s vision of MAHASAGAR ensuring Growth for All.
World’s Highest Railway Bridge
- Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh has said that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Chenab Bridge in Jammu and Kashmir on the 6th of this month. In a social media post, Dr. Singh said the Chenab Bridge, the world’s highest railway bridge, stands tall in Jammu and Kashmir as a proud symbol of New India’s strength and vision.
- He added that the bridge is a part of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Railway Link (USBRL) project and has been engineered to withstand the toughest natural challenges. The iconic Chenab Railway Bridge, the world’s highest railway arch bridge, will be part of this Katra-to-Sangaldan stretch, connecting New Delhi directly with Kashmir via Katra. Situated in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir, the Chenab Bridge is an engineering marvel standing at a height of 359 meters above the riverbed. It will officially connect the Kashmir Valley with the rest of India via rail for the first time in history.
Krishi Nivesh Portal
- Krishi Nivesh Portal is initiative by the Government of India aimed at transforming the agricultural investment landscape. Launched to streamline and unify various agricultural schemes from different ministries, the portal serves as a centralised digital platform.
- It aims to enhance ease of doing business and facilitate faster loan disbursal processes. The portal currently aggregates information on 17 flagship schemes, including the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund and PM-KUSUM.
- The primary purpose of the Krishi Nivesh Portal is to provide a one-stop solution for investors in the agricultural sector. This includes farmers, entrepreneurs, and producer organisations. The portal allows users to track investment opportunities, monitor application statuses, and access comprehensive information on various schemes. By categorising investments based on geographical areas, it aims to unlock the full potential of agricultural investments.
- The portal integrates schemes from 14 central ministries and 9 state departments. These ministries include agriculture, food processing, rural development, and renewable energy. This integration helps eliminate fragmented information and siloed operations that have previously hindered investment in agriculture. The government is in discussions to onboard an additional 300 schemes to further enhance the portal’s offerings.
- Boosting private sector investment in agriculture is crucial for improving productivity and infrastructure. The government has allocated Rs 1.31 lakh crore for these schemes in the fiscal year 2025. In the previous fiscal year, private investment in agriculture reached Rs 2.79 lakh crore. The portal aims to facilitate this investment by addressing challenges such as slow loan disbursal and fragmented information.
Ramsar list
- Two more wetlands from India have been added to the list of Ramsar sites, taking the number of such sites in the country to 91. The latest to join the list of Ramsar sites in India are Khichan in Phalodi and Menar in Udaipur, both in Rajasthan. Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav said, The achievement is yet another testament to the fact that Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s focus on environmental conservation is successfully helping India build a greener tomorrow.
International Institute Of Administrative Sciences
- India has won the presidency of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS) in the election, which was held between India and Austria.
- India’s candidacy received widespread support from across the membership with 87 votes out of 141 votes. India, through the Department of Administrative Reforms, is a member state of the IIAS. The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, in a statement, said that IIAS maintains a close working relationship with the United Nations and participates in the UN’s Committee of Experts on Public Administration (CEPA) and the UN Public Administration Network (UNPAN).
- IIAS is a federation of 31 Member Countries, 20 National Sections, and 15 Academic Research Centres jointly collaborating for scientific research on public administration.
Discovery Of Ancient Astrolabe At Raigad Fort
- Recent archaeological excavations at Raigad Fort have revealed an ancient astrolabe, known as ‘yantraraj’. This discovery was made by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in collaboration with the Raigad Development Authority. The excavations spanned several years and covered multiple sites within the fort, revealing structures dating back to the era of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
- About Raigad Fort : Situated in North Konkan, Maharashtra, on the Sahyadri hills. It is surrounded by deep valleys on three sides. Known for its steep and strategic position – only accessible by a steep path in the front.
- Originally built by Chandraraoji More, a local feudal lord of Jawali.
- Captured by Shivaji in 1656 CE, renamed from Rairi to Raigad (meaning royal fort). Became the capital of the Maratha Empire under Shivaji.
- Later controlled by:
- Fateh Khan (Ahmadnagar Sultanate) in 1707 CE,
- Marathas again until 1813 CE,
- British took over in 1818 CE after cannon bombardment.
- Called it the “Gibraltar of the East” for its strength and location.
- Main Structures
- Chitta Darwaja – lower entry gate.
- Khoob Ladha Burj – watchtower.
- Maha Darwaja – grand main entrance with 20-metre-high bastions.
- Palkhi Darwaja – special entry for queens.
- Ranivasa – queen’s chambers (6 rooms in a row).
- Nagarkhana Darwaja – 3-storey gate facing the royal throne.
- Raj Sadar – hall for public court and meetings.
- Water and Worship
- Ganga Sagar – large artificial lake below the fort.
- Jagadishwar Mandir – Shiva temple still in use.
- Samadhi of Shivaji Maharaj – his tomb built here after his death in 1680 CE.
- Excavations took place over three to four years at 10 to 12 locations. Key areas included the ropeway upper station, Kushavarta lake, and the marketplace near the Jagdishwar temple. This extensive search aimed to uncover artefacts from Shivaji Maharaj’s reign. The astrolabe was discovered near a historic mansion above Kushavarta lake.
- The astrolabe is rectangular and made of copper-bronze. Its upper surface features inscriptions in Sanskrit and Devanagari script. Notably, it bears engravings of two animals resembling a tortoise or snake. The inscriptions “mukh” and “poonchh” denote the head and tail positions. This suggests it was used for determining north-south orientations.
- The astrolabe dates back to Shaka 1519, equivalent to 1597 in the Gregorian calendar. It was likely in use during the fort’s renovations in 1656 and the coronation of Shivaji Maharaj in 1674. This instrument was essential for seafarers and astrologers to navigate and make astronomical observations.
- seafarers and astrologers to navigate and make astronomical observations.
- The discovery of the astrolabe marks the advanced knowledge of astronomy in the Maratha Empire. It suggests that the fort’s construction may have been influenced by astronomical sciences. Sambhajiraje Chhatrapati, head of the Raigad Development Authority, noted that the astrolabe could provide vital information about the administrative practices of Shivaji Maharaj.
G7 Leaders’ Summit 2025
- The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the Group of 7 (G7) meetings. Canada is hosting the G7 Leaders’ Summit from June 15 to 17 in Kananaskis, Alberta. This will be Canada’s seventh time as host. Notably, India has yet to receive an invitation, which could mark its first absence since 2019. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has attended every summit since then, except for the cancelled 2020 meeting.
- The G7 is an informal group comprising seven major economies – the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. These nations collectively represent about 40% of the global GDP and 10% of the world’s population. The G7 has no legal status or permanent secretariat, and decisions require independent ratification from member states.
- The G7 originated from a meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors in Paris in 1973. This meeting aimed to address economic challenges such as the oil crisis and rising inflation. The first official G7 summit took place in 1975 in Rambouillet, France. Initially, it included six nations, with Canada joining the following year.
- In 1977, representatives from the European Economic Community began participating in G7 meetings. After the Cold War, Russia was invited in 1998, transforming the G7 into the G8. However, Russia was expelled in 2014 due to its actions in Crimea, reverting the group back to the G7.
- Each G7 member country holds the presidency in rotation. The presiding country is responsible for organising the summit and setting the agenda. Recently, Canada holds the presidency and is tasked with facilitating discussions among member nations.
- Initially focused on international economic policy, the G7 has broadened its scope to include foreign policy and security issues. The annual summit serves as a platform for discussing shared values and concerns among member countries. The outcomes often influence global governance and decision-making.
- Typically, the host country invites additional nations as guest countries or outreach partners. For the 2025 summit, Canada has invited Ukraine and Australia. The list of other guest countries has not yet been disclosed.
Andhra Pradesh Signs 5- Year MoU With ISRO
- Andhra Pradesh government has signed a 5-year MoU with ISRO’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR) to enhance its Real-Time Governance System (RTGS) by integrating satellite imagery and scientific data for citizen-centric services.
- Under this partnership, satellite inputs will be used across 42 applications within the AWARE platform, covering sectors like agriculture, weather forecasting, disaster management, and urban planning.
- The AWARE system will combine data from satellites, drones, IoT devices, mobile feeds, and CCTV to deliver real-time alerts and advisories to both citizens and the government through platforms like SMS, WhatsApp, and social media.
India & 5 Central Asian Countries
- India and Central Asian countries have expressed interest in joint exploration of rare earth and critical minerals. In the Joint Statement released following the 4th meeting of India-Central Asia Dialogue held in New Delhi under the chairship of External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar, the participating nations encouraged exchange of delegations to explore new areas of cooperation in critical minerals.
- Foreign Affairs Ministers of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan attended the meeting. Appreciating the outcomes of the first India-Central Asia Rare Earth Forum held in September last year in New Delhi, the Ministers called upon the relevant authorities to hold the second India-Central Asia Rare Earth Forum meeting at the earliest convenience.
- In the Joint Statement, India and Central Asian countries also emphasized the importance of greater financial connectivity between them, particularly through digital payment systems. In the Joint Statement of 4th India-Central Asia Dialogue, the nations called for enhanced interbank relations, and trade in national currencies to encourage greater trade, investment, tourism and people-to-people exchanges.
- Recognising the important role of financial and banking linkages, they also expressed interest to establish a Joint Working Group to explore ways to further deepen banking and financial connectivity between India and Central Asian partners. Foreign Affairs Ministers unequivocally condemned the terrorist attack in Pahalgam. They reiterated their strong commitment to combating terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.
- They stressed that perpetrators, organizers, financiers and sponsors of terrorist acts must be held accountable and brought to justice. India and Central Asian partners called for early adoption of the UN Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism.
- They stressed the need to strengthen UN-led global counter-terrorism cooperation and fully implement the relevant UNSC resolutions, Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and FATF standards.
- The Ministers emphasized optimum usage of the International North-South Transport Corridor to enhance connectivity between India and the Central Asian countries. They stressed that connectivity initiatives should be based on the principles of transparency, broad participation, local priorities, and financial sustainability.
UN Elects Five Non- Permanent Members
- United Nations General Assembly elected Bahrain, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Latvia, and Liberia as non-permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC) for a two-year term starting in January 2026.
- These countries will join the 15-member Council, which plays a central role in maintaining international peace and security. Notably, Latvia will be serving on the UNSC for the first time, marking a significant diplomatic milestone.
- The UN General Assembly conducted elections on June 3, 2025, to select five new non-permanent members of the UNSC. These members will serve from January 2026 to December 2027. The vote was significant as Latvia was elected for the first time ever to the Council.
- Aim and Objective of the Election
- To fill five rotating non-permanent seats on the 15-member Security Council.
- To maintain regional representation as per the UN Charter and promote equitable participation in global peace and security efforts.
- To strengthen the multilateral framework of international diplomacy through broader representation.
- UN Security Council Composition
- Permanent Members (P5): China, France, Russia, UK, USA
- Non-Permanent Members: 10, elected for staggered two-year terms
- Previous Members Whose Term Ends in December 2025
- Algeria, Guyana, Republic of Korea, Sierra Leone, Slovenia
- Non-Permanent Members Elected in 2024 (to serve till 2026):
- Denmark, Greece, Pakistan, Panama, Somalia
Amul Partners To Enter European Dairy Market
- Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (Amul), marketer of products under the brand name, has partnered with Spanish dairy cooperative COVAP to launch its milk products in Spain, marking its entry into the European market.
- The collaboration aims to leverage COVAP’s local expertise and distribution network to establish Amul’s presence in Spain effectively.
- This partnership is part of Amul’s broader strategy to expand its footprint across Europe by introducing Indian dairy products to new international consumers.
- Amul plans to use this initial launch in Spain as a stepping stone for further expansion into other European countries in the near future.
Yoga Sangam 2025
- Over 50 thousand organisations from across the nation have registered to host Yoga Sangam, scheduled to be held on the 21st of this month, which is a new benchmark for collective participation.
- The Ministry of AYUSH in its statement said that Rajasthan has emerged as the front runner with an impressive more than 11 thousand organisations registered for Yoga Sangam 2025 the highest among all states. This remarkable participation is followed by Telangana with over seven thousand registrations, and Madhya Pradesh with close to five thousand registrations.
- This year’s theme, ‘Yoga for One Earth, One Health’ echoes a universal call for unity and wellness.
- The Ministry said that with over one lakh locations expected to host the International day of Yoga event, Yoga Sangam 2025.
- The Ministry invites citizens, institutions, and communities to come together in this global celebration.
‘Gyan Post’
- Department of Posts has introduced ‘Gyan Post’, a dedicated postal service for affordable delivery of educational, cultural, social and religious books. This initiative aligns with the New Education Policy (NEP) objectives.
- It aims to bridge the educational divide by making printed educational material more accessible and affordable across India, including remote and rural areas.
- ‘Gyan Post’ is operational through all post offices with a minimum rate of 20 rupees for packets up to 300 gms and a maximum rate of 100 rupees for packets up to 5 kilograms, excluding taxes. A tracking facility will be available to ensure transparency and reliability.
Agri Ministry To Launch CROPIC
- Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare in India is set to launch CROPIC, an innovative initiative aimed at enhancing crop monitoring and loss assessment. CROPIC stands for Collection of Real-Time Observations & Photo of Crops. This initiative is as it leverages artificial intelligence and crowd-sourced data to improve agricultural practices and financial support for farmers.
- CROPIC is designed to gather comprehensive data on crop health through field photographs taken during the crop cycle. The initiative will initially focus on two seasons – kharif 2025 and rabi 2025-26. It aims to create a detailed directory of crop signatures that can be used for various agricultural assessments.
- The CROPIC mobile application will be the primary tool for data collection. Farmers will take photographs of their crops using this app. The images will be analysed to determine the crop type, growth stage, and any damage that may have occurred. This crowd-sourced approach allows for real-time data collection directly from the field.
- CROPIC employs an AI-based cloud platform for analysing the collected photographs. This technology will facilitate the extraction of vital information regarding crop health. A web-based dashboard will provide visualisation of the data, making it accessible for farmers and officials alike.
- The primary purpose of CROPIC is to support the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY). The initiative will automate the assessment of crop losses and the subsequent disbursement of compensation to farmers. By using computer vision technology, CROPIC aims to enhance financial resilience among farmers.
- The project will commence with pilot studies in at least 50 districts, selected to represent various agro-climatic zones. These districts will cover three major notified crops for each season. The government plans to roll out CROPIC nationwide by 2026, encompassing all crops notified under PMFBY.
- CROPIC will be funded through the Fund for Innovation and Technology (FIAT), which has an allocation of Rs 825 crore for technological innovations in crop insurance. This financial backing will support the development and implementation of the initiative.
Operation Secure
- Global operation was launched to combat cybercrime. Codenamed ‘Operation Secure’, this initiative involved law enforcement agencies from 26 countries. The operation aimed to dismantle malicious infrastructure linked to information-stealing malware.
- Interpol coordinated these efforts, collaborating with private sector partners such as Group-IB, Kaspersky, and Trend Micro. Operation Secure ran from January to April 2025. It focused on identifying and taking down over 20,000 malicious IP addresses and domains associated with cybercriminal activities.
- The operation successfully eliminated 79% of the identified suspicious IPs. Law enforcement from countries including India, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka participated in the operation. They worked together to locate servers, map networks, and execute targeted takedowns.
- This collaborative effort strengthened international cybersecurity measures. The operation resulted in the seizure of 41 servers and over 100 GB of data. In total, 32 suspects were arrested for their involvement in illegal cyber activities. The operation also notified more than 216,000 potential victims, advising them to change passwords and secure accounts. Infostealer malware was identified as a primary tool for cybercriminals.
- This software extracts sensitive data from infected devices. Commonly stolen data includes browser credentials, passwords, and credit card details. The logs harvested by infostealers are often traded on the cybercriminal underground. Authorities reported identifying numerous victims across participating countries.
- In Vietnam, 18 suspects were arrested, while Sri Lanka and Nauru also saw multiple arrests. Victims were informed to take immediate action to protect their information. The operation revealed 117 command-and-control servers in Hong Kong. These servers acted as hubs for launching phishing and online fraud campaigns. The identification of these servers was crucial in disrupting ongoing cybercriminal activities.
Goan Feni Secures GI Tag
- Ozzo Feni, produced by Cazcar Distillery in Nanora village, has become the first-ever feni to receive a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, officially recognizing it as a unique product of Goa, thereby protecting it from imitation and boosting its market value.
- Feni is a centuries-old Goan spirit made from cashew apples or coconut sap, introduced by Portuguese missionaries in the 1600s. Traditional distillation methods used by bhatikars have now evolved into modern copper pot techniques.
- The GI tag places Goan feni in the league of global spirits like Scotch whisky and Champagne, with strict adherence to sourcing from Goa and production in certified equipment like stainless steel, copper, or glass, enhancing its domestic and international identity.
Global Gender Gap Index 2025
- India ranked 131st out of 148 countries in the Global Gender Gap Index 2025, slipping from its previous rank of 127 in 2024, according to the World Economic Forum (WEF) report.
- The ranking reflects a decline in gender parity across key areas like economic participation, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment.
- Despite progress in female political representation, India continues to face wide gaps in labour force participation, wage equality, and access to leadership roles for women.
- The report noted that India’s gender gap in economic participation and opportunity remains one of the widest globally, dragging down its overall score.
- Iceland topped the index for the 15th consecutive year, followed by countries like Finland, Norway, and New Zealand, while India lags behind neighbours like Bangladesh (24th), Bhutan (119th), Nepal (125th) and Sri Lanka (130th).
What is AviList?
- AviList, launched on June 12, 2025, serves as the first unified global checklist of bird species. This initiative followed four years of collaborative work by the Working Group on Avian Checklists.
- The checklist replaces previous lists, including the International Ornithological Committee and Clements lists. It aims to provide clarity and consistency in avian taxonomy, crucial for conservation efforts.
- AviList compiles a comprehensive list of 11,131 bird species, 19,879 subspecies, 2,376 genera, 252 families, and 46 orders. This extensive classification reflects a global consensus on avian taxonomy. The checklist is published by BirdLife International and is available for free download.
- The Working Group on Avian Checklists includes experts from BirdLife International, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, American Ornithologists Society, International Ornithologists’ Union, and Avibase.
- This diverse team worked together to harmonise differing taxonomic perspectives. Their collaboration aims to eliminate confusion in species identification and facilitate conservation efforts. AviList is very important for conservationists and ornithologists. It establishes a common language for discussing bird species.
- Stuart Butchart, chief scientist at BirdLife International, emphasises that a unified taxonomy enhances data sharing. This clarity helps in prioritising conservation actions effectively. The checklist employs an integrative species concept.
- This approach considers various evidence types, including morphology, genetics, and behaviour. The working group engages in detailed discussions, often using sound recordings and museum specimens to validate species classifications. Decisions are made through a voting process among group members. AviList is freely accessible online.
World Day To Combat Desertification
- World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is celebrated every year on 17 June. The day is a unique moment to remind everyone that land degradation neutrality (LDN) is achievable. The commemoration of the day is led by the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
- The theme for this year is – “Restore the land. Unlock the оpportunities”, which shines a light on how restoring nature’s foundation-land-can create jobs, boost food and water security, support climate action and build economic resilience.
- The celebration of this day was started by the United Nations General Assembly in the year 1994, when it adopted the “United Nations Convention against Desertification” (UNCCD).
- This day was first celebrated in 1995 and since then it is being organized every year. As part of its celebrations in India, Union Minister for Environment, Forest & Climate Change Bhupender Yadav and Union Minister of Culture and Tourism Gajendra Singh Shekhawat will inaugurate the National Workshop on “Strategies for Combating Desertification and Drought” at the Arid Forest Research Institute in Jodhpur.
- The workshop is aligned with the 2025 global theme, and it will emphasise the importance of land restoration for climate resilience, biodiversity, and sustainable rural development.
- The workshop will bring together scientists, policymakers, forest officials, and civil society organisations. Moreover, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) is also organising a webinar under its Business for Environment (B4E) Series, titled ‘Forests and Finance: Unlocking the Power of Carbon Markets and REDD+’. This session will highlight how forest conservation, carbon markets, and REDD+ mechanisms can mobilise climate finance and advance nature-based solutions for a sustainable and resilient future.
“Grand Cross Of The Order Of Makarios III’
- On the second day of his historic visit to Cyprus, Prime Minister Narendra Modi received a ceremonial welcome at the Presidential Palace in Nicosia. He held a one-on-one meeting with President Nikos Christodoulides, during which the President conferred upon him the Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III – the highest civilian honour of the Republic of Cyprus.
- The recognition added to the growing list of international accolades received by the Prime Minister. Expressing his gratitude, Prime Minister Modi said the honour was not just for him, but for the 1.4 billion people of India. The honour marks a significant moment in Prime Minister Modi’s historic visit to Cyprus, the first by an Indian Prime Minister in over two decades.
Food Planet Prize 2025
- A Swedish startup, NitroCapt, has won the prestigious 2025 Food Planet Prize for its pioneering green fertiliser that uses plasma technology and renewable energy to create nitrogen fertilisers sustainably.
- This disruptive innovation has the potential to significantly reduce global greenhouse gas emissions from fertiliser production and improve food security amid geopolitical and climate challenges. The $2 million prize, awarded by the Curt Bergfors Foundation, will help scale the innovation globally.
- NitroCapt won the 2025 Food Planet Prize, the world’s largest environmental award. Its green fertiliser technology offers a fossil-free, locally produced alternative to conventional nitrogen fertilisers. The win brings global attention to innovative climate-resilient solutions in agriculture amid rising concerns about food security, emissions, and geopolitical dependencies.
- Nitrogen fertilisers are responsible for 2.7% of global CO₂ emissions—on par with aviation. Fertilisers contribute to 50% of the world’s food production, making sustainable alternatives essential.
- Geopolitical issues, like the Ukraine war, have disrupted fertiliser supplies in Europe.
- Benefits of NitroCapt’s Technology
- Emission Reduction: Potential to drastically cut greenhouse gas output from the fertiliser sector.
- Energy Efficient: Uses 90% less energy than conventional methods.
- Food Security: Local production makes countries less dependent on global supply chains.
- Resilience: Protects against supply shocks due to conflict or trade disruption.
- Food Planet Prize : Founded by the Curt Bergfors Foundation in 2019, Stockholm. Recognises future-impact innovations aimed at reducing the environmental impact of food systems. Prize: $2 million (world’s largest environmental award).
- Jury: 10 international experts, co-chaired by Johan Rockström and Magnus Nilsson.
Tripartite MoU Signed
- A tripartite Memorandum of Understanding was signed in New Delhi between the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), and the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). The MoU aims to promote inclusive education for persons with disabilities.
- The signing ceremony was presided over by the Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Dr. Virendra Kumar, and the Minister for Education, Dharmendra Pradhan. The primary objective of this collaboration is to establish a robust framework for promoting inclusive education for persons with disabilities, in line with the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
- This partnership marks a significant step towards creating an inclusive educational ecosystem that empowers persons with disabilities and promotes equitable learning opportunities across the country.
- Under this agreement, NIOS will establish Special Accredited Institutions for the Education of the Disabled learners, recognizing special schools run by NGOs funded under Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme.
- Further, NCERT will review and adapt the curriculum and textbooks to ensure alignment with the principles and pedagogical approaches of NEP 2020, focusing on relevance, accessibility, and inclusivity for learners with disabilities.
Lucknow Aims For UNESCO City Of Gastronomy Title
- Lucknow, known for its rich culture and culinary heritage, is vying for recognition as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy. The city has officially submitted its nomination, aiming to join the ranks of other global cities celebrated for their gastronomic contributions.
- Currently, only Hyderabad holds this title in India. Lucknow’s application marks its vibrant food culture, which is a living tradition enriched over centuries. Lucknow’s culinary landscape is deeply rooted in the Awadhi tradition. It features a diverse array of dishes that reflect the city’s historical significance. The local cuisine includes renowned items such as nihari, biryani, kebabs, and various sweets.
- This rich gastronomic heritage is a result of influences from the royal kitchens of Awadh and the contributions of various communities. The UNESCO Creative Cities Network was established in 2004 to celebrate cities that excel in creativity across various fields.
- The gastronomy sector specifically recognises cities that have developed a distinctive culinary identity.
- Cities like Alba in Italy and Arequipa in Peru are part of this prestigious network, showcasing their unique food cultures. The nomination process involves thorough documentation and verification by UNESCO. Lucknow’s Department of Tourism and Culture is coordinating this effort.
- The city’s submission will include detailed information about its culinary offerings, demonstrating its potential to contribute to the global gastronomic landscape.
- Lucknow’s application emphasises several iconic dishes. Tunday Kebab is a signature non-vegetarian dish known for its tender texture. Awadhi Biryani is celebrated for its aromatic layers of meat and rice. The city also boasts a vibrant street food culture, offering vegetarian delights like khasta and kachauri. Sweets such as jalebi and motichur ke laddu are essential to Lucknow’s culinary identity.
Uk’s Foreign Intelligence Agency
- UK’s foreign intelligence agency, MI6, will be led by a woman for the first time in its 116-year history. Blaise Metreweli, who joined the Secret Intelligence Service in 1999, will become the 18th chief of the organisation, taking over from Richard Moore later this year.
- Metreweli, who currently oversees technology and innovation at the agency, said she was proud and honoured to have been asked to lead. Prime Minister Keir Starmer called the appointment ‘historic,’ noting that it comes at a time when the work of our intelligence services has never been more vital.
QS Rankings 2026
- A record 54 Indian Institutes have been featured in the QS World University Rankings, with the Indian Institute of Technology(IIT), Delhi emerging as the country’s top-ranked Institute.
- IIT Delhi’s global ranking has seen a significant jump from the earlier 150th position to the current 123rd rank in the latest edition of the rankings of higher education institutions across the world. This is also the highest QS World University Ranking achieved so far by the Institute.
- In a social media post, Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan said that from just 11 universities in 2014 to 54 in the latest rankings, this five-fold jump is a testament to the transformative educational reforms ushered in under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
- He added that the National Education Policy 2020 is not just changing India’s educational landscape, it is revolutionising it. The Minister highlighted that it is a matter of immense pride that India is also the fastest growing education system among G20 countries and the fourth most represented behind only the US, UK and China.
- For the 14th consecutive year, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has secured the #1 position globally, affirming its reputation for academic rigor, research excellence, and innovation leadership. MIT continues to lead across indicators such as academic reputation, faculty/student ratio, and employer reputation.
- In a press release, QS (Quacquarelli Symonds) confirmed that nearly 500 institutions have improved their positions compared to the previous year. This improvement is based on metrics like citations per faculty, international student ratio, and sustainability.
- Among the fastest-rising institutions, Sunway University from Malaysia stood out, jumping over 120 places from its previous ranking. This significant rise underscores Asia’s growing prominence in global education, driven by investment in research infrastructure, international collaborations, and a diverse academic ecosystem.
- The 2026 edition includes institutions from more than 100 regions, offering insights into the best universities across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Latin America, and Africa. It continues to serve as a valuable tool for students, researchers, and policy-makers alike.
India’s Energy Transition Index Ranking In 2025
- India’s position in the global Energy Transition Index has shifted to 71st in 2025. This ranking was released by the World Economic Forum, which assesses the energy transition performance of 118 countries.
- Despite a drop from 63rd last year, alongside China, has shown improvements in energy access and transition readiness. Sweden leads the Energy Transition Index, followed by Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland. Other notable rankings include China at 12th and the United States at 17th.
- Pakistan ranks 101st, while Congo holds the last position. The top five economies play important role in shaping global energy transitions due to their substantial share of global GDP, population, and emissions. India has made considerable advancements in energy equity. Increased access to energy and clean fuels has been a priority.
- The country has also improved energy regulations and invested in renewable technologies. These efforts have been essential in enhancing energy security and equity. The World Economic Forum marks several factors influencing India’s ranking. Improvements in grid reliability and energy access in rural areas are vital. Reducing reliance on imported energy is also crucial for enhancing energy security. Continued investments in infrastructure and renewable energy are necessary for further progress.
- India has excelled in energy efficiency and investment capacity. The country has lowered energy intensity and methane emissions. Favourable energy regulations have encouraged clean energy investments. These improvements reflect India’s commitment to a sustainable energy future.
- The report notes that 77 out of 118 countries improved their scores in 2025. However, only 28% advanced across all three energy dimensions – security, sustainability, and equity. The United States leads in energy security, while India has progressed in efficiency and investment.
- Despite progress, challenges remain. Rising geopolitical tensions and investment gaps threaten to stall advancements. There is also a disconnect between clean energy innovation and its deployment in necessary areas. These issues could undermine the momentum of global energy transitions.
Monthly June Current Affairs 2025 Question
- Who Launched The Ayush Suraksha Portal
A. Prataprao Jadhav
B. Harsh Vardhan
C. Narendra Modi
D. Rajnath Singh
ANSWER: A - How Many Nursing Professionals Honoured By President Droupadi Murmu
With National Florence Nightingale Awards 2025
A. 10
B. 12
C. 15
D. 18
ANSWER: C - Tulare Lake, Is Located In Which U.S. State
A. California
B. Alaska
C. Florida
D. Texas
ANSWER: A - What Is The Total Installed Power Generation Capacity Of The Ghatampur
Thermal Power Project
A. 660 MW
B. 1320 MW
C. 1980 MW
D. 2500 MW
ANSWER: C - Which State Declared Fully Literate By Union Government On Its Statehood
Day Under The Ullas-new India Literacy Programme
A. Goa
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Maharashtra
ANSWER: A - Which Young Indian Mountaineer Made History By Becoming Youngest Indian
In World To Successfully Complete Prestigious 7 Summits Challenge
A. Kaamya Karthikeyan
B. Jordan Romero
C. Vishwanath Karthikey Padakanti
D. Parul Tyagi
ANSWER: C - What Is The Theme Of Global Day Of Parents 2025?
A. Celebrating Parenthood
B. Building Stronger Families
C. Parental Love Beyond Limits
D. Raising Parents
ANSWER: D - PM KUSUM LAUNCHED IN
A. 2025
B. 2020
C. 2019
D. 2018
ANSWER: C - World’s Highest Railway Bridge Located In
A. USA
B. India
C. Norway
D. Greece
ANSWER: B - Which Ministry Launched The Krishi Nivesh Portal
A. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
B. Ministry of Rural Development
C. Ministry of Finance
D. Ministry of Jal Shakti
ANSWER: A - Koraput Kalajeera Rice Got GI Status, Is Cultivated In Which State
A. Punjab
B. Odisha
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Uttar Pradesh
ANSWER: B - Nalsarovar Wildlife Sanctuary Is Located In Which State
A. Rajasthan
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Gujarat
D. Uttarakhand
ANSWER: C - Headquarters Of United Nations Economic & Social Council Is Located In
A. New York
B. New Delhi
C. Brussels
D. Sweden
ANSWER: A - HQ Of International Institute Of Administrative Sciences
A. New York
B. New Delhi
C. Brussels
D. Sweden
ANSWER: C - Where Is India’s 1st AI Special Economic Zone Being Established
A. Bengaluru
B. Hyderabad
C. Nava Raipur
D. Pune
ANSWER: C - Raigad Fort, Is Located In Which State, South Korea
A. Punjab
B. Maharashtra
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Uttar Pradesh
ANSWER: B - G7 Leaders’ Summit 2025 Will be hosted in
A. UK
B. Canada
C. India
D. Italy
ANSWER: B - Rajiv Gandhi Van Samvardhan Yojana Is Launched By
A. Jharkhand
B. Odisha
C. Himachal Pradesh
D. Gujarat
ANSWER: C - Samruddhi Mahamarg Located In
A. Maharashtra
B. Odisha
C. Himachal Pradesh
D. Gujarat
ANSWER: A - On Which Date Is The International Day Of Innocent Children Victims Of
Aggression Observed
A. 1 June
B. 2 June
C. 3 June
D. 4 June
ANSWER: D - Who Has Been Appointed As The 18th Commander-in- Chief Of The Andaman
& Nicobar Command In June 2025
A. Lt Gen Upendra Dwivedi
B. Lt Gen Dinesh Singh Rana
C. Lt Gen R P Kalita
D. Lt Gen M V Suchindra Kumar
ANSWER: B - What Is Primary Focus Of India’s Newly Launched DHRUVA Policy
A. Digital Address Infrastructure
B. Unified Digital Identity
C. Rural Broadband Expansion
D. Smart City Governance
ANSWER: A - Which Countries Were Elected Along With India To United Nations Economic
And Social Council From The Asia-pacific Group
A. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh
B. Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam
C. Japan, Pakistan, Nepal
D. China, Lebanon, Turkmenistan
ANSWER: D - Bharatiya Bhasha Anubhag Inaugurated In
A. New Delhi
B. Hyderabad
C. Chennai
D. Bangalore
ANSWER: A - Which City Is The Host Of India’s First Agriculture Hackathon
A. Indore, Madhya Pradesh
B. Chennai, Tamil Nadu
C. Pune, Maharashtra
D. Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
ANSWER: C - Which Ministry Released The 8th Edition Of “Envistats India 2025:
Environment Statistics”
A. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
B. Ministry of Finance
C. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
D. Ministry of Home Affairs
ANSWER: C - Recently Which Cricketer Inducted Into ICC Hall Of Fame
A. MS Dhoni
B. Virat Kohli
C. Hardil Pandya
D. Shubman Gill
ANSWER: A - Which State Government Has Launched A Project To Convert INS Guldar Into
India’s First Underwater Museum
A. Maharashtra
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Goa
D. Kerala
ANSWER: A - Which Organization Has Released Its 2025 State Of World Population (SOWP)
Report Titled ‘The Real Fertility Crisis’
A. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
B. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
C. World Bank
D. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
ANSWER: B - Shahed Drones Are Developed By Which Country
A. Iran
B. Israel
C. Ukraine
D. India
ANSWER: A - Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple is located in which state
A. Karnataka
B. Maharashtra
C. Kerala
D. Odisha
ANSWER: C - Which Goan Spirit Recently Received GI Tag For The First Time In India
A. Toddy
B. Desi Daru
C. Ozzo Feni
D. Cashew Brandy
ANSWER: C - What Is The Name Of The Newly Launched Dedicated Postal Service By The
Department Of Posts
A. Vidya Vahan
B. Book Express
C. Gyan Post
D. Pustak Seva
ANSWER: C - Which International Organization Is Responsible For Publishing The Global
Gender Gap Index
A. World Bank
B. World Economic Forum
C. UN Women
D. NITI Aayog
ANSWER: B - Under Which Year’s Indian Patents Act Can Compulsory Licensing Be Invoked
For Life-saving Drugs
A. 1965
B. 1980
C. 1970
D. 1995
ANSWER: C - Who Won Gold Medal In Women’s Model Physique Category At 15th South
Asian Bodybuilding & Physique Sports Championships
A. Deepika Kumari
B. Yajik Hillang
C. Mary Kom
D. Lovlina Borgohain
ANSWER: B - Who Will Chair The High-level Committee Investigating The AI-171 Crash
A. DGCA Director
B. Civil Aviation Minister
C. Prime Minister
D. Union Home Secretary
ANSWER: D - Which International Agency Approved A $109.97 Million Results-based Loan
To Support Gujarat’s Efforts In Developing A Future-ready Industrial
Workforce
A. World Bank
B. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
C. Asian Development Bank (ADB)
D. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
ANSWER: C - Which State Government Has Digitised The National Family Benefit Scheme
To Enhance Transparency And Efficiency
A. Bihar
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Uttar Pradesh
D. Rajasthan
ANSWER: C - In Which City India’s First Agri- Drone Indigenization Facility Inaugurated In
June 2025
A. Hyderabad
B. Bengaluru
C. Chennai
D. Ahmedabad
ANSWER: C
