CDS 2 2017 Exam General Knowledge Indian Army Airforce Navy

CDS exam and all entrance exams have general knowledge in common of their syllabus, since they are defence armed forces entrance exam they contain questions based on Indian Armed Forces,...

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September 2, 2017
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CDS exam and all entrance exams have general knowledge in common of their syllabus, since they are defence armed forces entrance exam they contain questions based on Indian Armed Forces, In this article we will discuss facts on CDS 2 2017 Exam General Knowledge Indian Army Airforce Navy

CDS 2 2017 Exam General Knowledge Indian Army Airforce Navy

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Indian Army

The Indian Army has approximately 13 lakhs men and women in its ranks. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the three services – Army, Navy and Air Force. The Army headquarters is in New Delhi and it is under the direction of the Chief of the Army staff. He is a four star General and is assisted by 8 Lt. Generals who are one vice chief, two deputy chiefs, a military secretary, An adjutant General, the quartermaster general, the master general of ordnance and the engineer in Chief. Two officers have been conferred the rank of field marshal – Field Marshal K M Cariappa and Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, a 5-star rank and the officer serves as the ceremonial chief. Since independence, the Indian army has been involved in 4 wars with neighboring Pakistan and one with the People’s Republic of China. Other major operations undertaken by the army include Operation Vijay – Kargil War in 1999, Operation Meghdoot – to gain control over Siachen Glacier in 1984 and Operation Cactus – to stop a Military Coup in Maldives in 1988.

Roles of the Indian Army

Its primary mission is to ensure the national security and safeguard sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of India from external aggression and threats.

Secondary roles include providing humanitarian support and aid to civil authority during calamities and natural disasters.

Flag of the Indian Army

Commands of the Indian Army

The commands of Indian Army is divided in to 6 operational and 1 training command each headed by Lt. General:

Central Command: headquartered at Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

- I Corps — Currently assigned to South Western Command
Eastern Command: headquartered at Kolkata, West Bengal
- 23rd Infantry Division headquartered at Ranchi
- III Corps, headquartered at Dimapur, Nagaland
- IV Corps, headquartered at Tezpur, Assam
- XXXIII Corps, headquartered at Siliguri, West Bengal
Northern Command: headquartered at Udhampur, Jammu and Kashmir
- XIV Corps, headquartered at Leh, Jammu and Kashmir
- XV Corps, headquartered at Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
- XVI Corps, headquartered at Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir
Southern Command: headquartered at Pune, Maharashtra
- 41st Artillery Division, headquartered at Pune, Maharashtra
- XII Corps, headquartered at Jodhpur, Rajasthan
- XXI Corps, headquartered at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
South Western Command: headquartered at Jaipur, Rajasthan
- 42nd Artillery Division headquartered at Jaipur
- I Corps, headquartered at Mathura, Uttar Pradesh
- X Corps, headquartered at Bhatinda, Punjab
Western Command: headquartered at Chandimandir
- 40th Artillery Division headquartered at Ambala
- II Corps, headquartered at Ambala, Haryana
- IX Corps, headquartered at Yol, Himachal Pradesh
- XI Corps, headquartered at Jalandhar, Punjab
Training Command: headquartered at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh

Organisation of the Indian Army

The Army is Organised in Two Parts:

Arms:

Indian Infantry Regiments
Armoured Corps Regiments – The Armoured Corps Centre and School is at Ahmednagar.
Regiment of Artillery – The School of Artillery is at Devlali near Nasik.
Corps of Signals – Military College of Telecommunication Engineering (MCTE), Mhow is a premiere training institute for the officers of the Corps of Signals. The corps also has two Signal Training Centres at Jabalpur and Goa.
Corps of Engineers – The College of Military Engineering is at Dapodi, Pune. The centres are located as follows – Madras Engineer Group at Bangalore, Bengal Engineer Group at Roorkee and Bombay Engineer Group at Khadki, Pune.
Corps of Army Air Defence — Centre at Gopalpur in Odisha.
Mechanised Infantry – Regimental Centre at Ahmednagar.
Army Aviation Corps(India) – Their training establishment, Combat Army Aviation Training School, is based in Nasik.
Intelligence Corps – Centre at Pune

Services:

Name	Centre
Army Dental Corps	Lucknow
Army Education Corps	Pachmarhi
Army Medical Corps	Lucknow/Pune
Army Ordnance Corps	Jabalpur and Secunderabad (HQ)
Army Postal Service Corps	Kamptee near Nagpur
Army Service Corps	Bangalore
Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers	Secunderabad
Corps of Military Police	Bangalore
Intelligence Corps	Pune
Judge Advocate General’s Department	Institute of Military Law Kamptee, Nagpur
Military Farms Service	Military Farms School and Centre, Meerut Cantonment
Military Nursing Service	Pune and Lucknow
Remount and Veterinary Corps	Meerut
Pioneer Corps	Bangalore

Formations of the Indian Army

Division: Each Division is headed by General Officer Commanding (GOC) in the rank of Major General. It usually consists of 15,000 combat troops and 8,000 support elements. Currently, the Indian Army has 37 Divisions including; 4 RAPID (Re-organized Army Plains Infantry Divisions) Action Divisions, 18 Infantry Divisions, 10 Mountain Divisions, 3 Armored Divisions and 2 Artillery Divisions. Each Division composes of several Brigades.
Brigade: A Brigade generally consists of around 3,000 combat troops with supporting elements. An Infantry Brigade usually has 3 Infantry Battalions along with various Support Arms & Services. It is headed by a Brigadier. In addition to the Brigades in various Army Divisions, the Indian Army also has 5 Independent Armored Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, 7 Independent Infantry Brigades, 1 Independent Parachute Brigade,3 Independent Air Defence Brigades, 2 Independent Air Defence Groups and 4 Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).
Battalion: A Battalion is commanded by a Colonel and is the Infantry’s main fighting unit. It consists of more than 900 combat personnel.
Company: Headed by the Major or Captain, a company comprises 120 soldiers.
Platoon: An intermediate between a company and section, a platoon is headed by a Captain or Lieutenant, or depending on the availability of commissioned officers, even a junior commissioned officer (Subedar). It has a total strength of about 32 troops.
Section: Smallest military outfit with a strength of 10 personnel. Commanded by a non-commissioned officer of the rank of Havildar or Sergeant.

Ranks and Promotion Structure of the Indian Army

Types of Promotion:

Acting Promotion in Peace and field concessional Areas.
SubstantivePromotion	Time Scale (up to Lt Col), Selection Grade (Col and above)
Local Rank	Local ranks appropriate to the appointments held may be granted to the officers if considered necessary in terms of DSR Para 88.

Years of Reckonable Commissioned Service for Acting Promotion:

	Rank to Which ActingPromotion is Made	Total Minimum Serviceas Commissioned Officer	Remarks
Captain		1 year	–
Major		4 years	3 years in Field.
Lieutenant Colonel		7 years	With minimum service of one years in the rank of substantive Major.
Colonel		8 years & 6 months	With minimum service of two years in the rank (s) of Major and above.
Brigadier		12 years	With minimum service of three years in rank(s) of Lt. Col and above.
Major General		20 years	–
Lieutenant General		25 years	–

Years of Reckonable Commissioned Service for Substantive Promotion (Other than AMC/ADC):

Rank	Major Arms/Service	Vet Officers	MF	SL
Capt	2	1	2	2
Maj	6	7	6	6
Lt Col	13	17	13	13
Col(TS)	26	–	26	26
Col(Selection)	15	15	15	15
Brig	23(22)*	–	–	–
Maj Gen	25(24)*	–	–	–
Lt Gen	28	–	–	–
Gen	No restriction	–	–	–

Gallantry Medals of the Indian Army

The medals awarded by President of India for gallantry displayed at the battlefield, in order of precedence, are- Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra and Vir Chakra. The medals awarded by the President for gallantry displayed away from the battlefield, in order of precedence, are- Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra. Many of the recipients of the above awards have been Indian Army personnel.

Indian Air Force

Formation of Indian Air Force

The Indian Air Force’s History precedes World War Two by eight years. The IAF was established by on 8 Oct 1932 when its formation was announced in the Gazette of India. No.1 Squadron formed at Drigh Road in Karachi on 1 April 1933 with a complement of six Indian Officers under the command of a British Officer.

Formation and early pilot

The Indian Air Force was established in British India as an auxiliary air force of the Royal Air Force with the enactment of the Indian Air Force Act 1932 on 8 October that year and adopted the Royal Air Force uniforms, badges, brevets and insignia. On 1 April 1933, the IAF commissioned its first squadron, No.1 Squadron, with four Westland Wapiti biplanes and five Indian pilots. The Indian pilots were led by RAF Commanding officer Flight Lieutenant (later Air Vice Marshal) Cecil Bouchier.

Motto of Indian Air Force

The Motto of Indian Air Force has been taken from eleventh chapter of the Gita, the Discourse given by Lord Krishna to Arjuna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra during the Great War of Mahabharata. The Lord is showing His Supreme Divine form to Arjuna and the great form of the Lord is reaching the sky with glory, evoking fear and loss of self-control in the mind of Arjuna.The Indian Air Force, similarly, aims to overwhelm the adversaries with application of aerospace power in defence of the nation.

Flag of Indian Air Force

Contribution and Service by Indian Air Force

World War II (1939–1945)

During World War II, the IAF played an instrumental role in blocking the advance of the Japanese army in Burma, where its first air strike was on the Japanese military base in Arakan. It also carried out strike missions against the Japanese airbases at Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai in northern Thailand.

The IAF was mainly involved in Strike, Close Air Support, Aerial reconnaissance, Bomber Escort and Pathfinding missions for RAF and USAAF Heavy bombers. RAF Pilots were embedded in IAF units and vice versa to gain combat experience. IAF pilots participated in air operations in Europe as part of the RAF.[18]

During the war, the IAF went through a phase of steady expansion. New aircraft, including the U.S. built Vultee Vengeance, Douglas DC-3 and the British Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire and Westland Lysander, were added to its fleet.

In recognition of the services rendered by the IAF, King George VI conferred the prefix “Royal” in 1945. Thereafter the IAF was referred to as the Royal Indian Air Force. In 1950, when India became a republic, the prefix was dropped and it reverted to being the Indian Air Force.

First years of independence (1947–1950)

After become independent from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India’s air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air Force.[19] The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim ‘Chakra’ roundel derived from the Ashoka Chakra.

Around the same time, conflict broke out between them over the control of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede to India in order to receive military help. The day after, the Instrument of Accession was signed, the RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war zone. And this was when a good management of logistics came into help. This led to the eruption of full-scale war between India and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war. During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops.

Kargil War (1999)

On 11 May 1999, the Indian Air Force was called in to provide close air support to the Indian Army at the height of the ongoing Kargil conflict with the use of helicopters.The IAF strike was code named Operation Safed Sagar. The first strikes were launched on 26 May, when the Indian Air Force struck infiltrator positions with fighter aircraft and helicopter gunships. The initial strikes saw MiG-27s carrying out offensive sorties, with MiG-21s and later MiG-29s providing fighter cover. The IAF also deployed its radars and the MiG-29 fighters in vast numbers to keep check on Pakistani military movements across the border. Srinagar Airport was at this time closed to civilian air-traffic and dedicated to the Indian Air Force.

On 27 May, the Indian Air Force suffered its first fatality when it lost a MiG-21 and a MiG-27 in quick succession. The following day, while on an offensive sortie, a Mi-17 was shot down by three Stinger missiles and lost its entire crew of four. Following these losses the IAF immediately withdrew helicopters from offensive roles as a measure against the threat of Man-portable air-defence systems (MANPAD). On 30 May, the Mirage 2000s were introduced in offensive capability, as they were deemed better in performance under the high-altitude conditions of the conflict zone. Mirage 2000s were not only better equipped to counter the MANPAD threat compared to the MiGs, but also gave IAF the ability to carry out aerial raids at night. The MiG-29s were used extensively to provide fighter escort to the Mirage 2000. Radar transmissions of Pakistani F-16s were picked up repeatedly, but these aircraft stayed away. The Mirages successfully targeted enemy camps and logistic bases in Kargil and severely disrupted their supply lines. Mirage 2000s were used for strikes on Muntho Dhalo and the heavily defended Tiger Hill and paved the way for their early recapture. At the height of the conflict, the IAF was conducting over forty sorties daily over the Kargil region. By 26 July, the Indian forces had successfully repulsed the Pakistani forces from Kargil.

Structure of Indian Air Force

The President of India is the Supreme Commander of all Indian armed forces and by virtue of that fact is the national Commander-in-chief of the Air Force. Chief of the Air Staff with the rank of Air Chief Marshal is the Commander of the Indian Air Force. He is assisted by six officers, all with the rank of Air Marshal:

Vice Chief of the Air Staff
Deputy Chief of the Air Staff
Air Officer in Charge of Administration
Air Officer in Charge of Personnel
Air Officer in Charge of Maintenance
Director General of Inspection and Flight Safety.

Operational Commands

Central Air Command (CAC), headquartered at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
Eastern Air Command (EAC), headquartered at Shillong, Meghalaya
Southern Air Command (SAC), headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
South Western Air Command (SWAC), headquartered at Gandhinagar, Gujarat
Western Air Command (WAC), headquartered at New Delhi

Functional Commands

Training Command (TC), headquartered at Bangalore, Karnataka
Maintenance Command (MC), headquartered at Nagpur, Maharashtra

Wings

A Wing is a formation intermediate between a Command and a Squadron. It generally consists of two or three IAF Squadrons and Helicopter Units, along with Forward Base Support Units (FBSU). FBSUs do not have or host any Squadrons or Helicopter units but act as transit airbases for routine operations. In times of war, they can become fully fledged air bases playing host to various Squadrons. In all, about 47 Wings and 19 FBSUs make up the IAF. Wings are typically

Squadrons and Units

Squadrons are the field units and formations attached to static locations. Thus, a Flying Squadron or Unit is a sub-unit of an air force station which carries out the primary task of the IAF. A fighter squadron consists of 18 aircraft; all fighter squadrons are headed by a Commanding Officer with the rank of Wing Commander. Some Transport squadrons and Helicopter Units are headed by a Commanding Officer with the rank of Group Captain.

Sections

The smallest unit is the section, led by a Flight Lieutenant. Each section consists of three aircraft.

Within this formation structure, IAF has several service branches for day-to-day operations. They are:

Flying Branch

Flying

Technical Branch

Engineering

Ground Branch

Logistics
Administration
Accounts
Education
Medical & Dental
Meteorological

Rank structure of Indian Air Force

The rank structure of the Indian Air Force is based on that of the Royal Air Force. The highest rank attainable in the IAF is Marshal of the Indian Air Force, conferred by the President of India after exceptional service during wartime. MIAF Arjan Singh is the only officer to have achieved this rank. The head of the Indian Air Force is the Chief of the Air Staff, who holds the rank of Air Chief Marshal.

Officers

List of Indian Air Force Medals and Awards

PARAM VIR CHAKRA

Circular in shape, made of bronze, one and three eighth inches in diameter and on obverse, four replicas of “Indra’s Vajra” with the State Emblem (including the motto), embossed in the centre. On its reverse, it shall have embossed Param Vir Chakra both in Hindi and English with two lotus flowers between Hindi and English. The fitting will be swivel mounting.

MAHAVIR CHAKRA