The Congressional Research Service (CRS) has raised critical questions regarding the integration of lessons learned from the conflict in Ukraine into the U.S. Army’s XM-30 Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle program. As the Army prepares to phase out its aging M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehicle, which has been in service for over 40 years, attention has turned to the XM-30, which is slated to begin replacing the Bradleys starting in 2029.
In its recent report, the CRS pointed to instances of substantial damage that anti-tank guided missiles and unmanned aerial systems have inflicted on infantry fighting vehicles during the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The report prompted inquiry into the specific vulnerabilities of armored fighting vehicles to these modern threats and whether the Army plans to utilize the operational insights gained from Ukraine in the design of the XM-30.
A focal point in the CRS report is the vehicle’s proposed active protection system, which has been promoted as a solution to counter drone threats. However, the report questions whether this system adequately addresses the broad spectrum of threats that could arise in scenarios similar to those witnessed in Ukraine. Additionally, the report inquires about the potential impact of changes in the Army’s force structure on the future acquisition process for the new vehicle.
The XM-30, which was previously referred to as the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle, marks the Army’s sixth attempt to replace the iconic M2 Bradley. This initiative follows two previous attempts—the Future Combat System Program and the Ground Combat Vehicle Program—both of which were cancelled due to various programmatic and cost-related challenges. After enduring a series of upgrades, the Bradley is perceived to have reached its technological limits concerning the integration of new electronics, armor, and defensive measures.
Similar to its predecessor, the XM-30 is designed to transport troops while also providing crucial fire support to dismounted soldiers. Enhancements in the new vehicle are anticipated to include improved firepower, enhanced mobility, and superior protection. Notably, the XM-30 is expected to feature capabilities for remotely controlled operations, allowing the crew to operate the vehicle from outside, enhancing tactical flexibility.
The development of the XM-30 is structured around a five-phase program, currently positioned in phase three, which involves detailed designing of the vehicle followed by a critical design review. Upon successful completion of this review, the program will advance to the prototyping stage, which is planned for phase four. During this phase, approximately 11 to 12 prototypes are set to be constructed for evaluation purposes. The Army will then select one vendor for the final phase and is expected to award a low-rate initial production contract towards the end of 2027, with fielding anticipated in 2029.
As the U.S. Army pushes forward with the XM-30 program, the questions raised by the CRS underscore the importance of closely examining combat experiences in contemporary warfare, especially those highlighted by the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, to ensure that the new mechanized infantry vehicle meets the evolving challenges of modern battlefield environments.
