India is poised to enhance its operational capabilities by expanding its fleet of Israeli-origin Heron unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This decision follows the successful deployment of these drones during Operation Sindoor earlier this year, where they played a crucial role in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions, particularly against Pakistan.
In a strategic move, the Ministry of Defence is accelerating the procurement of additional Heron drones, which are being upgraded to include strike capabilities. The integration of Spike-NLOS (non-line-of-sight) anti-tank guided missiles will enable the Herons to transition from passive surveillance tools into active strike platforms, allowing for precise engagements on targets beyond visual range.
Currently, all three branches of the Indian Armed Forces—Army, Navy, and Air Force—operate Heron UAVs along both the Chinese and Pakistani frontiers. These drones are also utilized by intelligence agencies for specialized monitoring missions. Their proven effectiveness has catapulted Project Cheetah, aimed at upgrading existing Heron models with advanced sensors, electronic intelligence payloads, and newfound strike capabilities.
Meanwhile, the Indian Air Force has begun inducting the upgraded Heron Mk2 variant, which features satellite communication (SATCOM) systems. This enhancement will significantly extend the endurance and operational range of these drones, supporting deep-penetration missions.
In tandem with these acquisitions, India is developing an indigenous initiative to procure 87 medium altitude long endurance (MALE) drones. This competitive process involves major domestic defense companies such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Larsen & Toubro, Adani Defence, and Solar Industries. Many of these firms are likely to collaborate with Israeli manufacturers to expedite production.
The armed forces foresee a long-term demand for nearly 400 MALE-class drones over the next 15 years, a necessity aimed at bolstering ISR coverage and enhancing unmanned strike capabilities.
This dual-track procurement strategy—acquiring weaponized Herons from Israel and developing indigenous MALE drones—signifies a substantial advancement in India’s efforts toward self-reliance under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. It ensures the nation is prepared for future unmanned warfare, addressing the growing complexities of regional security dynamics.
