In a significant move to bolster its naval capabilities, India has formalized a contract with Russia for the acquisition of anti-ship cruise missiles intended for its submarine fleet. The Indian Ministry of Defence made this announcement via the social media platform X, though it refrained from providing specific details regarding the type of missiles ordered, the total quantity, financial terms, or the timeline for delivery.
The procurement is aimed at enhancing the firepower of the Indian Navy’s Sindhughosh-class diesel-electric submarines, which are based on the Russian Kilo-class submarines. Reports from Russian state media outlet TASS, referencing an Indian news source, suggest that the missiles will be integrated into these submarines, which are known for their stealth and operational flexibility.
There is strong speculation that the missile in question is the Klub-S. Developed by the Novator Design Bureau, the Klub-S represents an export variant of the 3M-54 Kalibr anti-ship missile. This weapon system has already been deployed on India’s Sindhughosh-class submarines, acclaimed for its long-range and precise strike capabilities. Each missile is designed to operate at altitudes between 10 to 15 meters (32 to 49 feet) and can engage naval and land targets at a maximum range of 300 kilometers (186 miles).
In addition to the Klub-S, there are indications that Indian submarines could potentially be outfitted with the Zircon hypersonic cruise missile. Retired Commodore Seshadri Vasan, head of the Chennai Centre for China Studies, shared insights on this possibility through comments to Russia’s state-owned news agency Sputnik India. The Zircon, which has been employed by Russia in its military operations, notably against Ukraine, is reported to be capable of speeds reaching Mach 9 and can strike targets from distances exceeding 965 kilometers (600 miles). Notably, this missile has also been launched from Moscow’s Arkhangelsk nuclear submarine.
This enhancement of India’s ballistic capabilities underscores the deepening defense cooperation between India and Russia, particularly in marine warfare technologies. The strategic implications of such advancements are likely to resonate throughout the region, as naval dominance continues to be a crucial factor in maintaining security and power dynamics in the Indian Ocean.
