NDA & CDS 1 2026 Exam Polity – DPSP & FD’s

The Indian Constitution is known for its unique blend of rights, duties, and directives that guide the functioning of the nation. Two such essential components...

The Indian Constitution is known for its unique blend of rights, duties, and directives that guide the functioning of the nation. Two such essential components are the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) and the Fundamental Duties (FDs). While the Fundamental Rights protect the liberty of citizens, DPSPs and FDs ensure that both the government and citizens work together toward a just and responsible society.

NDA & CDS 1 2026 Exam Polity – DPSP & FD’s

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)

Origin and Background

The Directive Principles of State Policy are enshrined in Part IV (Articles 36–51) of the Indian Constitution. They were inspired by the Irish Constitution and aim to create a welfare state in India. Although not enforceable by any court, they serve as fundamental guidelines for the central and state governments while framing laws and policies.

Objective

The main purpose of DPSPs is to promote social, economic, and political justice and ensure that governance in India is directed toward the welfare of the people.


Classification of DPSPs

  1. Socialist Principles:
    Aim to provide social and economic justice and remove inequalities.
    • Article 38: Promote welfare of people through a just social order.
    • Article 39: Secure right to adequate livelihood, equal pay for equal work.
    • Article 41: Right to work, education, and public assistance.
    • Article 43: Living wage and decent working conditions.
  2. Gandhian Principles:
    Based on the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi for rural development and self-reliance.
    • Article 40: Establishment of village panchayats.
    • Article 43: Promote cottage industries.
    • Article 46: Promote education and economic interests of weaker sections.
    • Article 47: Prohibit consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs.
  3. Liberal-Intellectual Principles:
    Aim to build a modern democratic state based on liberty and justice.
    • Article 44: Uniform Civil Code for citizens.
    • Article 45: Early childhood care and education.
    • Article 48: Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
    • Article 50: Separation of judiciary from the executive.

Significance of DPSPs

  • They act as a moral compass for governance.
  • Serve as a measure for evaluating government performance.
  • Promote balanced development between individual liberty and collective good.
  • Encourage social and economic reforms for equality.

Fundamental Duties (FDs)

Origin and Background

The Fundamental Duties were added to the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. These duties are included in Part IVA (Article 51A). Later, the 86th Amendment Act, 2002, added one more duty related to education, making the total 11 Fundamental Duties.

List of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)

Every citizen of India shall:

  1. Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem.
  2. Cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle.
  3. Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
  4. Defend the country and render national service when called upon.
  5. Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all people of India.
  6. Value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
  7. Protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.
  8. Develop scientific temper, humanism, and spirit of inquiry and reform.
  9. Safeguard public property and abjure violence.
  10. Strive toward excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
  11. Provide opportunities for education to children between the ages of 6 and 14 years (added by 86th Amendment, 2002).

Significance of Fundamental Duties

  • Serve as a constant reminder to citizens about their responsibilities toward the nation.
  • Help in promoting discipline and unity.
  • Complement Fundamental Rights by balancing freedoms with obligations.
  • Provide a basis for legislative action for maintaining public order and national integrity.

Difference Between DPSPs and Fundamental Duties

BasisDirective Principles (DPSPs)Fundamental Duties (FDs)
Part of ConstitutionPart IV (Articles 36–51)Part IVA (Article 51A)
NatureGuidelines for governmentMoral obligations for citizens
EnforceabilityNot legally enforceableNot legally enforceable (some may be enforced by law)
ObjectiveEstablish a welfare statePromote responsible citizenship
FocusState’s responsibilityCitizens’ responsibility

Recent Initiatives Aligned with DPSPs & FDs

  • Swachh Bharat Mission (2014): Promotes cleanliness (linked to Article 51A(g)).
  • National Education Policy (2020): Promotes education and excellence (Articles 41, 45, 51A(j)).
  • Digital India & Skill India: Encourage development and self-reliance (Articles 38, 43).
  • Environment Protection Acts: Support Article 48A & 51A(g).
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Divyanshu Pandey

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