For aspirants preparing for the NDA (National Defence Academy) and CDS (Combined Defence Services) examinations, a deep understanding of ancient Indian history is essential. Among the most significant developments during the later Vedic period were the rise of Jainism and Buddhism, two powerful reformist movements that shaped India’s spiritual, philosophical, and cultural legacy. These topics hold both historical and analytical importance in the UPSC, NDA, and CDS syllabi and are frequently asked in exams.
🌟 Historical Context
Jainism and Buddhism emerged around the 6th century BCE in response to the rigid rituals and social inequalities of Vedic Brahmanism. These religions offered simpler spiritual paths and emphasized moral living, self-discipline, and compassion over ritualism and caste hierarchies.
📚 Why This Topic is Important for NDA/CDS Exams
1. Frequent Appearances in History Section
- Questions on the founders, doctrines, symbols, and councils related to Buddhism and Jainism are common.
- Example questions include:
- Who founded Jainism and Buddhism?
- What is the concept of Ahimsa in Jainism?
- Which council led to the division of Buddhism into Hinayana and Mahayana?
2. Understanding India’s Cultural Legacy
- These religions have deeply influenced Indian art, architecture, literature, and ethics.
- Sites like Sarnath, Nalanda, Ajanta-Ellora, and Shravanabelagola are often cited in exams as part of India’s cultural heritage.
3. Moral and Ethical Learning
- Both faiths emphasize values such as non-violence (Ahimsa), truth, self-restraint, and universal compassion.
- For future defence officers, internalizing these values is important for developing strong ethical foundations.
4. Comparative Study & Analytical Thinking
- UPSC-style questions may require comparative understanding:
- Differences between Jainism and Buddhism in terms of philosophy and practice.
- Contributions of Mahavira and Gautama Buddha.
- This sharpens analytical skills required in both written and interview stages of selection.
🔍 Key Points to Focus On
| Topic | Jainism | Buddhism |
|---|---|---|
| Founder | Mahavira (24th Tirthankara) | Gautama Buddha |
| Core Principle | Ahimsa (Non-violence) | Middle Path (Avoid extremes) |
| Sacred Texts | Agamas | Tripitaka |
| Major Sects | Shwetambar, Digambar | Hinayana, Mahayana |
| Symbols | Hand with Wheel, Triratna | Dharma Chakra, Lotus, Bodhi Tree |
🧠 Strategy for Preparation
- Read NCERT History (Class VI-XI) for basics.
- Make short notes on doctrines, councils, symbols, and monasteries.
- Practice previous year NDA/CDS questions from this topic.
