In Defence Current Affairs for 23 July 2026, we will see the latest national and international current affairs news. These important current affairs will be beneficial for your upcoming NDA, CDS, CDS OTA, AFCAT, TA, Agniveer Army, Agniveer Navy, Agniveer Air Force, Women Military Police, INET, MNS, ACC exams, SCO, PCSL, CAPF, and SSB interviews, and direct entries for Army, Navy, and Air Force like SSC Tech, TGC, JAG, NCC, TES, 10+2 Cadet. Download a PDF file about current events at the end of this article. Let us now see the Current Affairs.
Defence Current Affairs 23 July 2026
DRDO Signs Two Major Contracts to Strengthen AEW&C Mk-II Programme
Why in News?
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has signed two strategic agreements with leading Indian defence industry partners to accelerate the development of the Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) Mk-II programme. The contracts represent another important milestone in India’s drive towards Aatmanirbhar Bharat and the expansion of indigenous defence capabilities.
Background
The Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS), a premier laboratory of DRDO, is responsible for designing and developing India’s Airborne Early Warning and Control systems. These aircraft act as flying command centres by detecting enemy aircraft, missiles, and other aerial threats over long distances while coordinating military operations in real time.
The new agreements will enable the conversion of commercial aircraft into advanced surveillance platforms equipped with state-of-the-art mission systems.
Key Agreements Signed
1. Contract with AI Engineering Services Limited (AIESL)
DRDO’s Centre for Air Borne Systems signed an agreement with AI Engineering Services Limited (AIESL), New Delhi, for the conversion of six Airbus A321 commercial aircraft into “green configuration” platforms. This conversion involves removing all commercial interiors and modifying the aircraft so that advanced military equipment can later be installed.
These modified aircraft will serve as the base platform for the AEW&C Mk-II system, significantly enhancing India’s indigenous airborne surveillance capability.
2. Contract with Adani Defence Systems and Technologies Limited (ADSTL)
A second agreement was signed with Adani Defence Systems and Technologies Limited (ADSTL), Ahmedabad, which has been selected as the Development-cum-Production Partner (DcPP) for the programme’s mission systems.
Under this partnership, ADSTL will work closely with DRDO in developing, integrating, manufacturing, and supporting sophisticated mission equipment required for the AEW&C Mk-II aircraft.
Signing Ceremony
The agreements were signed on 22 July 2026 in New Delhi by the Director of CABS along with representatives of AIESL and ADSTL. The ceremony was held in the presence of Defence Secretary and DRDO Chairman Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh, highlighting the strategic importance of the programme.
Role of CABS and ADSTL
The Centre for Air Borne Systems (CABS) will continue to serve as the nodal laboratory responsible for overall system development and integration.
The modified aircraft platform will be supplied by Airbus Defence & Space, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), while CABS and ADSTL will integrate advanced radar, sensors, communication equipment, electronic warfare systems, and mission computers.
Both organisations will also conduct extensive flight trials in collaboration with the Indian Air Force (IAF) before obtaining certification from:
- Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC)
- Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA)
Features of the AEW&C Mk-II System
The AEW&C Mk-II aircraft will significantly enhance the operational capabilities of the Indian Air Force through:
- Long-range airborne surveillance
- Early detection of enemy aircraft and missiles
- Advanced radar and sensor systems
- Secure communication networks
- Improved situational awareness
- Enhanced command and control capabilities
- Greater mission endurance
- Real-time battlefield coordination
These features will enable India’s armed forces to detect and respond to aerial threats much earlier, thereby strengthening national air defence.
Strategic Importance
The project represents a major step in India’s efforts to reduce dependence on imported defence technologies. By involving Indian public and private sector companies, the programme promotes indigenous manufacturing, technology transfer, and domestic industrial capability.
The collaboration between DRDO, AIESL, ADSTL, Airbus Defence & Space, and the Indian Air Force demonstrates the growing synergy between research institutions, industry, and the armed forces in developing advanced military systems.
Once operational, the AEW&C Mk-II fleet will provide India with enhanced surveillance over vast geographical areas, improving border security, maritime monitoring, and combat readiness.
Conclusion
The signing of these two contracts marks a significant advancement in India’s indigenous defence modernisation programme. The AEW&C Mk-II project will not only strengthen the Indian Air Force’s surveillance and command capabilities but also reinforce the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat by expanding domestic participation in high-technology defence manufacturing. With improved situational awareness and enhanced operational capability, the system is expected to play a crucial role in safeguarding India’s airspace in the years ahead.
Samudra Pradakshina: India Completes First Tri-Service All-Women Circumnavigation Sailing Expedition
Why in News?
India achieved a historic milestone as Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh officially flagged in ‘Samudra Pradakshina’, the country’s first Tri-Service all-women circumnavigation sailing expedition, through video conferencing on 22 July 2026. The expedition showcased the courage, professionalism, and determination of women officers serving in the Indian Armed Forces.
A Historic Voyage
The expedition was undertaken aboard the Indian Army Sailing Vessel (IASV) Triveni, carrying nine women officers from the Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force.
The team completed an extraordinary 314-day voyage, covering nearly 25,500 nautical miles across four oceans, before returning safely to Mumbai.
The expedition had originally been flagged off virtually by the Defence Minister on 11 September 2025.
Objectives of the Expedition
The mission was designed to:
- Demonstrate the sailing skills and endurance of women officers.
- Promote Tri-Service cooperation among the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
- Strengthen India’s maritime presence across international waters.
- Encourage greater participation of women in challenging military roles.
- Showcase India’s growing maritime capabilities.
Raksha Mantri’s Remarks
While congratulating the team, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh described the expedition as:
- A symbol of Nari Shakti.
- An example of India’s determination to achieve difficult goals.
- A reflection of the growing spirit of jointness among the three Services.
- A representation of the confidence and aspirations of a “New India.”
Contribution to Military Diplomacy
Apart from its sailing achievement, the expedition also strengthened India’s diplomatic outreach.
During port visits across different countries, the crew promoted:
- India’s maritime traditions.
- Indian culture and heritage.
- Professionalism of the Armed Forces.
- Goodwill and friendship with partner nations.
Such interactions contribute to strengthening defence cooperation and international relations.
Significance
Samudra Pradakshina highlights the increasing role of women in India’s defence forces and reflects the Armed Forces’ commitment to gender inclusion. The expedition also reinforces India’s image as a responsible maritime nation capable of undertaking complex global missions.
Key Exam Points
- Expedition: Samudra Pradakshina
- Flagged In: 22 July 2026
- Flagged Off: 11 September 2025
- Vessel: IASV Triveni
- Duration: 314 days
- Distance Covered: Nearly 25,500 nautical miles
- Participants: Nine women officers from Army, Navy and Air Force
- Returned To: Mumbai
Prime Minister Pays Tribute to Lokmanya Tilak and Chandra Shekhar Azad
Why in News?
On 23 July 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to two of India’s greatest freedom fighters—Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Chandra Shekhar Azad—on the occasion of their birth anniversaries. He praised their immense contribution to India’s struggle for independence and urged citizens to draw inspiration from their patriotism and dedication.
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Born on 23 July 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Lokmanya Tilak was among the earliest leaders to demand complete self-rule for India.
A teacher, lawyer, journalist, and nationalist, Tilak inspired millions to participate in the freedom movement. His famous declaration, “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it,” became one of the most powerful slogans of the independence struggle.
Tilak established the newspapers Kesari and The Mahratta to spread nationalist ideas. He also transformed Ganesh Utsav and Shivaji Jayanti into public celebrations that united people against colonial rule.
He co-founded the Deccan Education Society, played a leading role in the Home Rule Movement, and authored notable works such as Gita Rahasya and The Arctic Home in the Vedas.
Because of his fearless opposition to British rule, Tilak was imprisoned in Mandalay Jail from 1908 to 1914.
Chandra Shekhar Azad
Born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra, present-day Madhya Pradesh, Chandra Shekhar Azad emerged as one of India’s most courageous revolutionary leaders.
He earned the name “Azad” after declaring in court that his name was Azad, his father’s name was Swatantrata, and his residence was Jail.
Azad became a leading member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) and worked alongside revolutionaries such as Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev.
He played an important role in the Kakori Train Action and later helped organise revolutionary activities against British rule.
On 27 February 1931, while surrounded by British police in Alfred Park, Prayagraj, he chose martyrdom rather than surrender, fulfilling his pledge never to be captured alive.
Importance
Both leaders adopted different approaches in the struggle for independence, yet their dedication to the nation continues to inspire generations of Indians. Their birth anniversaries serve as an opportunity to remember their sacrifices and reaffirm the values of patriotism, courage, and national unity.
Key Exam Points
- Lokmanya Tilak Birth: 23 July 1856
- Chandra Shekhar Azad Birth: 23 July 1906
- Tilak’s Famous Slogan: “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it.”
- Azad’s Organisation: Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)
- Tilak’s Newspapers: Kesari and The Mahratta
- Azad’s Martyrdom: 27 February 1931, Alfred Park (now Chandra Shekhar Azad Park), Prayagraj
US House Approves Record $1.15 Trillion Defence Authorization Bill
Why in News?
The United States House of Representatives has approved the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for 2027, authorising a record $1.15 trillion in defence spending. The legislation reflects America’s continued focus on strengthening its military capabilities amid evolving global security challenges.
Major Highlights
The bill was passed by a narrow 216–212 vote, highlighting increasing political divisions despite defence legislation traditionally receiving bipartisan support.
If approved by the Senate, it will become one of the largest defence budgets in American history.
Important Provisions
The proposed legislation includes:
- Defence allocation of $1.15 trillion.
- Around $250 billion higher than the previous year’s defence authorisation.
- 5–7% salary increase for US military personnel.
- Continued investment in advanced weapons and emerging technologies.
- Funding for the proposed Golden Dome Missile Defence System, aimed at protecting the US mainland from missile attacks.
Political Debate
While supporters argued that the increased budget is necessary to maintain military readiness and national security, critics questioned the scale of military expenditure and expressed concerns over additional political provisions attached to the bill.
The legislation must now receive approval from the US Senate before becoming law.
Significance
The NDAA shapes America’s military priorities, research programmes, procurement plans, and personnel policies. Decisions taken under this legislation also influence global defence cooperation, technological development, and strategic competition.
Key Exam Points
- Country: United States
- Bill: National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) 2027
- Amount: $1.15 trillion
- House Vote: 216–212
- Pay Raise: 5–7%
- Next Stage: Approval by the US Senate
HAL and Safran Strengthen Aerospace Partnership Through Long-Term Manufacturing Agreement
Why in News?
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has signed a long-term manufacturing agreement with Safran Aircraft Engines of France to produce high-precision turbine ring forgings for the globally used CFM LEAP aircraft engine.
The agreement further strengthens India’s role in the international aerospace manufacturing supply chain.
About the Agreement
Under the partnership, HAL will manufacture near-net shape turbine ring forgings using advanced superalloys at its Foundry and Forge Division in Bengaluru.
These components will be supplied for the LEAP engine programme, one of the world’s most widely used aircraft engine programmes powering modern commercial aircraft.
Importance of Turbine Ring Forgings
The turbine rings operate in extremely high-temperature environments inside aircraft engines.
They are essential for:
- Engine efficiency.
- Structural strength.
- High-temperature resistance.
- Reliability and safety of aircraft operations.
Their production requires advanced metallurgical expertise and precision manufacturing.
India-France Aerospace Cooperation
HAL and Safran have maintained a long-standing partnership across several aerospace and defence projects. The new agreement demonstrates international confidence in India’s manufacturing capability and supports the country’s ambition to become a global aerospace production hub.
The partnership is expected to promote technology advancement, enhance export opportunities, and generate skilled employment in India’s aerospace sector.
Review Questions
1. Which DRDO laboratory signed contracts for the development of the AEW&C Mk-II Programme?
A) ADE
B) LRDE
C) CABS
D) DRDL
Answer: C) CABS
2. AI Engineering Services Limited (AIESL) will convert how many Airbus A321 aircraft into green configuration for the AEW&C Mk-II programme?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8
Answer: C) 6
3. Adani Defence Systems and Technologies Limited (ADSTL) has been selected as the ______ for the AEW&C Mk-II programme.
A) Original Equipment Manufacturer
B) Development-cum-Production Partner
C) Maintenance Partner
D) Flight Certification Agency
Answer: B) Development-cum-Production Partner
4. Which organisation will provide the modified aircraft platform for the AEW&C Mk-II programme?
A) Boeing
B) HAL
C) Airbus Defence & Space
D) Embraer
Answer: C) Airbus Defence & Space
5. The contracts related to the AEW&C Mk-II programme were signed in:
A) Bengaluru
B) Hyderabad
C) Mumbai
D) New Delhi
Answer: D) New Delhi
6. AEW&C Mk-II is primarily designed to enhance India’s:
A) Naval logistics
B) Airborne surveillance and command capabilities
C) Space exploration
D) Missile manufacturing
Answer: B) Airborne surveillance and command capabilities
7. What is the name of India’s first Tri-Service all-women circumnavigation sailing expedition?
A) Sagar Kavach
B) Samudra Shakti
C) Samudra Pradakshina
D) Samudra Vijay
Answer: C) Samudra Pradakshina
8. The Samudra Pradakshina expedition was undertaken aboard which vessel?
A) INS Tarini
B) INSV Tarini
C) IASV Triveni
D) INS Sudarshini
Answer: C) IASV Triveni
9. The all-women Tri-Service sailing expedition lasted for approximately:
A) 180 days
B) 240 days
C) 314 days
D) 365 days
Answer: C) 314 days
10. The Samudra Pradakshina expedition covered nearly:
A) 18,000 nautical miles
B) 21,000 nautical miles
C) 25,500 nautical miles
D) 30,000 nautical miles
Answer: C) 25,500 nautical miles
11. The Samudra Pradakshina expedition was flagged in by:
A) President Droupadi Murmu
B) Prime Minister Narendra Modi
C) Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
D) Chief of Defence Staff
Answer: C) Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
12. Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute to Lokmanya Tilak and Chandra Shekhar Azad on:
A) Independence Day
B) Martyrs’ Day
C) Their birth anniversaries
D) Republic Day
Answer: C) Their birth anniversaries
13. Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak was born on:
A) 15 August 1857
B) 23 July 1856
C) 26 January 1858
D) 1 August 1856
Answer: B) 23 July 1856
14. Which famous slogan is associated with Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak?
A) Do or Die
B) Jai Hind
C) Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it
D) Inquilab Zindabad
Answer: C) Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it
15. Chandra Shekhar Azad was associated with which revolutionary organisation?
A) Ghadar Party
B) Indian National Army
C) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
D) Anushilan Samiti
Answer: C) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
16. Chandra Shekhar Azad attained martyrdom at:
A) Jallianwala Bagh
B) Cellular Jail
C) Alfred Park, Prayagraj
D) Sabarmati Ashram
Answer: C) Alfred Park, Prayagraj
17. The US House of Representatives approved a defence authorization bill worth approximately:
A) $850 billion
B) $950 billion
C) $1.15 trillion
D) $1.50 trillion
Answer: C) $1.15 trillion
18. The US defence bill approved by the House is officially known as the:
A) Defence Procurement Act
B) National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)
C) Homeland Security Act
D) Pentagon Reform Act
Answer: B) National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA)
19. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) signed a long-term agreement with which French aerospace company?
A) Dassault Aviation
B) Airbus
C) Safran Aircraft Engines
D) Thales
Answer: C) Safran Aircraft Engines
20. Under the HAL-Safran agreement, HAL will manufacture turbine ring forgings for which aircraft engine programme?
A) EJ200
B) GE F414
C) CFM LEAP
D) Trent XWB
Answer: C) CFM LEAP
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