The recent promotion of General Asim Munir, Pakistan’s Army Chief, to the rank of Field Marshal, marks a significant milestone in the nation’s military history, being only the second instance after Ayub Khan. This elevation is not merely ceremonial; it signifies a strategic shift within Pakistan’s military establishment aimed at fostering a prolonged, low-intensity confrontation with India. Analysts believe this development suggests a Cold War-style standoff characterized by asymmetric tactics, regional alliances, and an enduring ideological battle.
Unprecedented in its nature, Munir’s elevation comes from a civilian government that largely remains under military influence, contrasting with Ayub Khan’s self-appointment following a coup in 1958. Unlike many nations where the title of Field Marshal is often symbolic, Munir retains active command over the army, reinforcing his authority. This development institutionalizes his influence and signals a continuation of military-dominated governance, particularly concerning relations with India.
The Pakistani military has traditionally acted as a “deep state,” and under Munir’s leadership, this role has become increasingly apparent. His inner circle, featuring key appointees like Lt Gen Asim Malik as National Security Advisor, has marginalized civilian perspectives in strategic discussions. The promotion not only provides Munir with institutional immunity but also fortifies the military’s grip on national security, foreign policy, and domestic stability, all focused primarily on perceived threats from India.
Historical patterns show that Pakistan’s military has consistently utilized the narrative of an Indian threat to justify its preeminent role in national affairs. Under Munir, this narrative is being amplified, with public speeches emphasizing Kashmir’s significance as Pakistan’s “jugular vein” and invoking the two-nation theory. This approach fosters a sense of national identity steeped in opposition to India, while simultaneously serving as a rationale for the military’s extensive budget and its political influence.
Munir’s strategy appears to prioritize “strategic patience,” engaged in low-intensity conflicts rather than outright war. Under his command, Pakistan’s tactical focus has shifted to hybrid warfare techniques, including cyber operations, information warfare, drone activity, and proxy militias. This approach seeks to undermine India’s stability gradually, creating a prolonged conflict environment without direct military confrontation. Such tactics are reminiscent of Cold War conflicts where overt hostilities were often avoided in favor of sustained indirect pressure.
Recent military actions, such as India’s Balakot airstrikes in 2019 and the subsequent Operation Sindoor, illustrate a new pattern in Indo-Pak confrontations. These incidents reveal a strategic willingness from Pakistan to utilize attrition warfare and ambiguity rather than sporadic skirmishes. Under Munir, Pakistan is employing non-state actors, disinformation campaigns, and plausible deniability, aiming to stretch India’s military and political capacities over a prolonged period.
Moreover, the strategic implications of Munir’s elevation cannot be viewed in isolation from the growing alliance between Pakistan and China. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) serves as a vital economic underpinning, bolstered by military cooperation that serves to constrain India. Joint military exercises, cybersecurity collaborations, and China’s covert support regarding Kashmir further cement this partnership, creating a multifaceted front aimed at encircling and distracting India.
In light of these developments, India is urged to reassess its approach towards Pakistan. The nature of threats has evolved beyond traditional border skirmishes and diplomatic tensions. The real danger lies in Pakistan’s escalating capabilities in asymmetric warfare, encompassing cyber attacks, drone intrusions, and online propaganda, alongside the utilization of proxy militias. Surveillance and proactive measures must be particularly focused on border regions like Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, as the implications are national in scope.
Additionally, strengthening regional and international alliances is crucial for India. Deepening cooperation with Quad partners, enhancing relationships with Gulf nations, and bolstering maritime and cyber defense capabilities are essential strategies for countering the multifaceted threats posed by Pakistan.
In conclusion, General Asim Munir’s promotion to Field Marshal stands as a significant strategic announcement. It reflects Pakistan’s military preparation for a long-term confrontation with India, fostering rivalry that encompasses ideology, perception, and technological advancement. India must extend its focus beyond immediate tensions to confront the underlying challenge of a continuous, state-sponsored conflict that, while less overt, remains equally perilous.
