Chandrayan-3 Lands On Moon: Know About Important Upcoming ISRO Missions

The Chandrayaan-3’s lander module has successfully touched down on the Moon’s south pole, making India the first nation in the world to achieve this feat. India is also the fourth nation, after the United States, China and Russia to have landed on the Moon.

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Chandrayan-3 Lands On Moon. What’s Next For ISRO?

Why In The News?

• India’s Chandrayaan-3 Landed On The Moon’s South Pole. The Successful Moon Mission Made India The 4^th Country To Achieve A Soft Landing On The Lunar Surface After The US, China, Russia & 1^st Country To Land On South Pole.
• After 40 Days Of Wait, Chandrayaan-3 Made A Successful Soft-landing On Moon’s South Pole Region. Vikram Lander With A Mass Of 1749.86 Kg Including Rover Pragyaan Inside It, Has A Mission Life Of One Lunar Day, Which Is Equivalent To 14 Earth Days.

Tracing The Timeline Of Chandrayaan-3

Objectives Of Chandrayaan-3 Mission

• The Indian Spacecraft Will Measure The Near-Surface Plasma (Ions And Electrons) Density Of The Moon’s Soil. The Chandrayaan-3 Will Also Measure Seismicity Around The Landing Site Of The Moon.
• The Mission Will Help In Discovering What Kinds Of Chemicals Are Found On Moon’s Soil. AN Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) Will Determine The Elemental Composition Such As Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Potassium, Calcium, Titanium, And Iron) Of Lunar Soil And Rocks.

Companies In Making Of Chandrayaan-3 Spacecraft

• Larson And Tubro: It Supplied Critical Booster Segments, Namely The Head End Segment, Middle Segment, And Nozzle Bucket Flange, Among Other Things.
• Mishra Dhatu Nigam: The State-owned Firm Supplied Critical Materials Such As Cobalt Base Alloys, Nickel Base Alloys, Titanium Alloys, And Special Steels For The Launch Vehicle Of The Chandrayaan3 Spacecraft
• BHEL: The Government-owned Firm Supplied Bi-metallic Adaptors For Chandrayaan 3.
• Godrej Aerospace: It Produced Key Engines And Thrusters Including L110 For The Core Stage And CE20 Engine Thrust Chamber For The Upper Stage.
• Ankit Aerospace: The Company Claims To Have Supplied Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel Fasteners, And Specially crafted Titanium Bolts
• Walchandnagar Industries: The Firm Helped With Booster Segments S200 Used In The Launch Vehicle, Flex Nozzle Control Tankages, And S200 Flex Nozzle Hardware.

People Behind The Making Of Chandrayaan-3

• ISRO Chairman S Somanath Assumed Leadership Of ISRO In January 2022 And Became A Pivotal Figure In India’s Ambitious Moon Mission. He Is Overseeing Missions Like Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1 (A Mission To Study The Sun), And Gaganyaan (India’s First Manned Mission).
• Other Significant People Behind Chandrayaan-3 Are: Project Director, P Veeramuthuvel; Unnikrishnan Nair, Director Of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre; M Sankaran, Director Of U R Rao Satellite Centre (URSC).

Cost Of Chandrayaan-3 Mission

• ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 Mission Cost Is Roughly ₹650 Crore Which Is Far Lower Than Those Of Other Countries, And A Testament To India’s Frugal Space Engineering.

Significance Of Earlier Chandrayaan Missions

• India Found Frozen Water Deposits In The Darkest And Coldest Parts Of The Moon’s Polar Regions For The First Time Using Data From The Chandrayaan-1 Spacecraft In 2009. Chandrayaan-1, India’s First Mission To The Moon, Was Launched On October 22, 2008, From Sriharikota In Andhra Pradesh.
• A Decade Later, ISRO Launched Chandrayaan-2 In 2019. However, The Lander With A Rover In Its Belly Crash-landed On The Lunar Surface In The Final Lap, Failing In Its Objective To Touch Down Gently.

ISRO’s Upcoming Missions After Chandrayaan-3

• Aditya-L1 (2003): With An Expected Cost Of Rs 378 Crore It Will Be The First Space-based Observatory Class Indian Solar Mission To Study The Sun. The Spacecraft Is Planned To Be Placed In A Halo Orbit Around Lagrangian Point 1 (L1) Of The Sun-earth System, Which Is About 1.5 Million Km From The Earth.

• NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Satellite (Jan 2024): With An Expected Cost Of Rs 12,296 Crore It Is A Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) Observatory Being Jointly Developed By NASA And ISRO.
• It Will Map The Entire Globe In 12 Days And Provide Spatially And Temporally Consistent Data For Understanding Changes In Earth’s Ecosystems, Ice Mass, Vegetation Biomass, Sea Level Rise, Groundwater, And Natural Hazards, Including Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Volcanoes, And Landslides.

• Space Docking Experiment ‘SPADEX’ (Oct 2024): With An Expected Cost Of Rs 124 Crore  It Is A Twin Spacecraft Mission Being Developed By ISRO To Mature Technologies Related To Orbital Rendezvous, Docking, Formation Flying, And Other Proximity Operations With A Scope Of Applications In Human Spaceflight, In-space Satellite Servicing, And Other Proximity Operations.

• Mangalyaan-2 (2024): Mars Orbiter Mission 2, Also Called Mangalyaan-2, Is India’s Second Interplanetary Mission Planned By ISRO. ISRO Plans To Launch This Mission By 2024. It Had Been Mentioned That Mangalyaan-2 Would Be Launched After Moon Mission Chandrayaan-3.

• Gaganyaan (2024): With An Expected Cost Of Rs 9023 Crore It Will Be India’s 1^st  Human Space Mission. The Unmanned ‘G1 Mission’ Will Launch In The 4^th Quarter Of 2023, The 2^nd Unmanned ‘G2 Mission’ Will Launch In The Second Quarter Of 2024, And The Final Human Space Flight ‘H1 Mission’ Will Launch In The Fourth Quarter Of 2024.

• Shukrayaan 1 (2031): With An Expected Cost Of Rs 500 Crore To Rs 1,000 Crore It Was ISRO’s Venus Mission Was Expected To Be Launched In December 2024 But Has Been Pushed To 2031 As Optimal Launch Windows From Earth To Venus Occur Once Every 19 Months.
• Both The U.S. And The European Space Agencies Have Venus Missions Planned For 2031 – VERITAS And Envision, Respectively – While China May Launch Around 2026 Or 2027.

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