El Nino Could Hit World Economy By $3 Trillion? SSB Interview Topic 2023

Prateek Mattoo
May 24, 2023
582

El Nino is on the horizon, which could cause severe heat waves and droughts in many countries, including India, and could cost the world economy $3 trillion, according to a new study published in the journal Science. El Nino, the belt of warm ocean water that extends from South America to Asia, has consistently lowered country-level economic development, with the 1982-83 and 1997-98 episodes accounting for $4.1 trillion and $5.7 trillion in global revenue losses, respectively.

Why In the News?

The El Nino Predicted For 2023 Alone Could Hold The Global Economy Back By As Much As $3 Trillion By 2029 Which Can Lead To Severe Heat Waves & Droughts In Many Countries, Including India, New Research Published In The Journal Science Has Warned.
The Last Major El Nino Occurred In 2016 And Made That Year The Hottest In Recorded History.

What Is El-Nino Effect?

It Is A Weather Phenomenon That Occurs When Unusual Warming Of Surface Waters In The Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Occurs.
The Spanish Immigrants Called It El Nino, Meaning “The Little Boy” In Spanish. La Nina Means The Little Girl In Spanish, It Is Also Sometimes Called El Viejo.
The Warming Causes Changes In The Normal Atmospheric Circulation Patterns, Leading To A Weakening Of The Monsoon Circulation Over The Indian Subcontinent.
The Trade Winds That Blow From East To West Weaken, Allowing The Warm Surface Waters To Move Eastward And Accumulate In The Central And Eastern Pacific.
As A Result, The Ocean Temperatures In These Regions Rise Significantly, Leading To A Series Of Cascading Effects On The Atmosphere.

Conditions Of the El-Nino Effect

El-Nino Is Predicted When The Ocean Temperature Rises 0.5 Degree Celsius In 3 Consecutive Months & Change In Atmospheric Conditions And Rainfall Pattern

What Are The Impacts Of El Nino?

It Causes Draughts, Floods (South America), Marine Life, the Earth’s Rotation Speed, Hydro Energy And Heat Waves In Different Parts Of The World.
It Adds An Extra Boost To Human Caused Global Warming. Occur On Average About Every 3 To 5 Years.

How El-Nino’s Strength Is Measured?

The Strength Of An El-Nino Southern Oscillation Event Is Measured By The Ocean Nino Index (ONI).
0.5-0.9 ONI – Weak Effect
> 0.5 ONI – Strong Effect
> 0.9 ONI – Very Strong Effect

Previous Events Caused By El Nino

El Nino Events Of 1982-83 And 1997-98 (2100 Deaths) Were The Most Intense Of The 20^th Century.
The El Nino Event Of 1997-98 Was The First El Nino Event To Be Scientifically Monitored From Beginning To End.

What Is La-Nina Effect?

It Is A Weather Phenomenon That Occurs When Unusual Cooling Of The Tropical Eastern Pacific.
The Cooling Causes Changes In The Normal Atmospheric Circulation Patterns, Leading To A Strong Monsoon Circulation Over The Indian Subcontinent.

La Nina in 2010

The 2010 La Nina Event Correlates With One Of The Worst Floods In The History Of Queensland, Australia.
More Than 10,000 People Were Forced To Evacuate, And Damage From The Disaster Was Estimated At More Than $2 Billion

El Nino & La Nina Impact On Indian Monsoon & Economy

El Nino: Strong El Nino Events Contribute To Weaker Monsoons And Even Droughts In India Southeast Asia.
La Nina: Rainfall Associated With The Summer Monsoon In Southeast Asia Tends To Be Greater Than Normal, Especially In Northwest India And Bangladesh. This Generally Benefits The Indian Economy.

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